Skip to content

R V. T (2010)

Definition

UK Court of Appeal decision on footwear evidence likelihood ratios that expressed caution about numerical LR presentation where the underlying database was small. Controversial in the forensic science community; interpreted by some laboratories as requiring verbal-scale presentation and by others as requiring larger databases, not prohibiting LR evidence.

Court
England and Wales Court of Appeal
Year
2010
Subject
Footwear-mark likelihood ratios
Concern raised
Small underlying databases

Common questions

What did R v T actually decide about likelihood ratios?+

It expressed caution about presenting numerical likelihood ratios to a jury for footwear evidence when the statistical database behind the number was small or of uncertain reliability, without banning likelihood ratios as a method.

Why is R v T considered controversial among forensic scientists?+

The community was split: some read the judgment as requiring a shift to qualitative verbal-scale conclusions, while others read it narrowly as demanding better validation data, and it is cited on both sides of the LR-versus-verbal-scale debate.

Related terms

2009 NAS Report
The National Academy of Sciences report Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States, which found that fingerprint individualization claims lacked empirical population-frequency...
Categorical Identification
The historical fingerprint testimony model in which the examiner declares that the latent print originated from the named person to the exclusion...
ENFSI Evaluative Reporting Framework
The ENFSI Guideline for Evaluative Reporting in Forensic Science (2015), which specifies that forensic identification opinions should be expressed as likelihood ratios...
FRStat
The fingerprint statistical scoring model developed by the FBI Laboratory and Iowa State University (Professor Alicia Carriquiry). Takes ACE-V comparison documentation as...
Likelihood Ratio (LR)
The ratio of two conditional probabilities: the probability of the observed evidence given the prosecution's hypothesis (same source), divided by the probability...
NIST ELFT-EFS (2012)
The NIST Evaluation of Latent Fingerprint Technologies: Extended Feature Sets, a large-scale evaluation of both automated AFIS algorithms and human examiner performance....
Population Frequency Database
The reference dataset from which the denominator of a fingerprint likelihood ratio is estimated: the frequency with which a given configuration of...
Ulery Et Al. 2011
The FBI black-box study that tested 169 fingerprint examiners on 744 latent-exemplar pairs, finding a false-positive rate of 0.1%. The study empirically...
Verbal Scale
The ENFSI translation of numerical likelihood ratios into courtroom language: very strong support (LR over 10,000), strong support (LR 1,000-10,000), moderate support...

Explained in

Your journey to becoming a forensic professional starts here.

Practice with mock tests, learn from structured notes, and get your questions answered by a global forensic community, all in one place.