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ForensicSpot6 modules

Crime Scene Management

How a scene is secured, documented, searched and reconstructed, the medico-legal work that follows, and the profiling that closes it out.

  • 93hours
  • 49topics
  • 6modules
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Module 112 hrs6 topics

Foundations: Law, Institutions & Forensic Science

The three new Indian criminal laws (BNS, BNSS, BSA 2023), the CFSL/SFSL/RFSL institutional map, and the principles, history and ethics of forensic science as the working FSL student needs them.

Start module
  1. Forensic Science: Definition, Principles, History and EthicsForensic science's six core principles, the Galton-Bertillon-Locard lineage, India's fingerprint-first history since 1858, and its core ethics rules.8 min
  2. Indian Forensic Laboratories: CFSL, SFSL, RFSL and the Institutional MapThe seven CFSLs, the 33+ SFSLs, the district RFSLs, NFSU and CDFD, plus the BNSS Section 176(3) change that put state labs on the cordon line.9 min
  3. Crime, Criminology and the Classification of OffencesHow Indian law defines an offence, the actus reus and mens rea split, eight offence categories under BNS 2023, and the major criminological theories.12 min
  4. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023: A Forensic Student's MapBNS 2023 replaced the IPC 1860 for every Indian criminal charge from 1 July 2024, mapped here against IPC equivalents and FSL implications.11 min
  5. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023: Investigation, FIR, Search and SeizureBNSS 2023 rewrites India's investigation playbook with mandatory FSL visits, videographed seizure, e-FIR, and a strict charge-sheet timeline.10 min
  6. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023: Forensic Evidence in CourtBSA 2023 governs forensic and electronic evidence in Indian trials through Section 39 expert opinion and the new Section 65B certificate.10 min
Module 215 hrs9 topics

Crime Scene Evidence

How a crime scene is identified, secured, documented, searched and processed. Photography, sketching, evidence handling, chain of custody and reconstruction.

Start module
  1. Introduction to Crime Scenes: Types, Evaluation and ProcessingDefinition of a crime scene, primary vs secondary, indoor vs outdoor, organised vs disorganised, plus the first-officer protocol.14 min
  2. Securing and Documenting the Crime SceneCordoning, the three-tier perimeter, note-making fields, rough vs finished sketches, and what the first officer must record before the IO arrives.12 min
  3. Crime Scene Search Techniques (Strip, Grid, Spiral, Zone, Wheel)All six search patterns with diagrams, when each is appropriate, and what most candidates get wrong about spiral search.11 min
  4. Processing Physical Evidence: Discovery, Recognition and ExaminationSequence of recognition → documentation → collection, safety measures, packaging classes, sealing, labelling and forwarding.13 min
  5. Chain of Custody: What Breaks It, and What Indian Courts Have SaidWhy CoC fails in Indian trials, the Form-95 / case-diary integration, sealed-packet protocols, and case law (Ashish Jain, Tomaso Bruno).10 min
  6. Crime Scene ReconstructionTypes of reconstruction, role of BPA + trajectory analysis, probative value, and the limits of reconstruction in Indian trial practice.12 min
  7. Forensic Photography: Cameras, Lenses, Films and ExposureSLR vs DSLR, lens choice for CSI, filters, films, exposure, development chemistry, and the standard 3-shot rule (overview, mid, close-up).14 min
  8. Specialised Photography: UV, IR and Close-Up at the Crime SceneHow UV reveals semen and bruises, when IR beats visible light, macro and reflected-UV setups, and ALS workflow.10 min
  9. Digital Imaging, 3-D Scanning and Crime Scene VideographyDigital evidence-grade imaging, FARO/Leica scanners, drone overheads, and videography SOPs for Indian state police.11 min
Module 315 hrs6 topics

Physical Evidences & Detection Devices

Classification of physical evidence, crime detection devices (UV/IR/X-Ray), speed detection, mobile labs, tele-forensics and the Indian + international CSI landscape.

Start module
  1. Introduction to Physical Evidence: Types, Classification and Probative ValueClass vs individual characteristics, Locard's exchange principle reframed, and the seven categories every NFSU question tests on.13 min
  2. Crime Detection Devices: UV, IR, X-Ray and Detective DyesElectromagnetic spectrum walkthrough, which device finds what, detective dyes for theft cases, and neutron radiography use cases.12 min
  3. Speed Detection Devices: Radar, LIDAR and ANPRDoppler vs time-of-flight, evidentiary admissibility under the Motor Vehicles Act, and ANPR's CSI applications.9 min
  4. Crime Scene Investigation Tools, Kits and the Mobile LaboratoryBasic kit, investigator's kit, sealed packet bag, mobile CSI vans in operation across Indian states, and tool-replenishment SOPs.10 min
  5. Tele-Forensics and Technology Innovation in Crime Scene ManagementRemote expert support, AR/VR walk-throughs, AI-assisted scene mapping, and where Indian state FSLs actually use these in 2026.11 min
  6. Crime Scene Management: National and International ScenarioIndian CFSL/state-FSL/NFSU structure, the BNSS-2023 shift to mandatory FSL visits, and how FBI/INTERPOL/EUROPOL practice differs.12 min
Module 418 hrs11 topics

Pattern Evidence & Reconstruction Depth

Glass, paint, soil, fiber, tool marks, footwear/tyre and bite/lip/ear impressions; serial-number restoration; deep-dive bloodstain pattern analysis, fire and burn patterns, and hit-and-run reconstruction.

Start module
  1. Glass Evidence: Fracture Patterns, Direction of Impact and Refractive IndexIndian labs read glass evidence through radial versus concentric cracks, the 3R rule for direction of force, GRIM3 refractive index, and elemental analysis.12 min
  2. Paint Evidence: Layers, Coating Structure and Instrumental AnalysisIndian labs examine paint evidence through automotive multilayer coatings, FTIR and Py-GC-MS, SEM-EDX pigment chemistry, and the PDQ database.12 min
  3. Soil and Botanical Evidence: Composition, Comparison and InterpretationHow Indian forensic labs characterise soil and botanical traces, the comparison stack from Munsell colour to XRD, and what survives appellate scrutiny.12 min
  4. Fiber and Textile Evidence: Yarns, Weaves and Microscopic ExaminationFibre identification, dye comparison, weave analysis and the Indian SFSL workflow for textile evidence in rape, homicide and hit-and-run investigations.13 min
  5. Tool Mark Evidence: Types, Comparison Principles and CollectionTool mark types, comparison microscopy, casting and substrate recovery, and the Indian SFSL workflow for burglary, safe-breaking and forcible-entry cases.11 min
  6. Footwear, Tyre and Footprint Impression EvidenceIndian SOCO teams recover 2D and 3D shoe and tyre impressions, choosing between ESL and dental stone casting for each surface.11 min
  7. Lip, Ear and Bite Mark Evidence: Cheiloscopy, Otoscopy and Forensic OdontologyCheiloscopy classifications, the Iannarelli earprint system, and the bite-mark debate after NAS 2009, written for Indian SFSL practice.11 min
  8. Serial Number and Erased Mark RestorationWhy obliterated stamped numbers can still be recovered: metallurgy, Fry's reagent, magnetic-particle and electrolytic etching as Indian SFSLs actually run them.9 min
  9. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Passive, Transfer, Impact and Expirated PatternsIndian BPA deep dive: passive, transfer and impact patterns, angle of impact maths, area of origin, expirated blood, and what CFSL Hyderabad actually accepts.18 min
  10. Fire and Burn Pattern InterpretationIndian forensic teams read arson burn patterns through V-patterns, char depth, accelerant detection per ASTM E1618, and dowry-burn casework.21 min
  11. Accident Investigation and Hit-and-Run: Collision, Skid Marks and Vehicle ExaminationAccident investigation covers scene preservation in traffic, skid mark physics, collision typology, and India's hit-and-run workflow under BNS 106.13 min
Module 518 hrs9 topics

Medico-Legal Aspects

Inquest types, thanatology and time-since-death, autopsy protocol, mechanical and firearm injuries, electrical/thermal/traffic injuries, and asphyxial deaths with diatom evidence.

Start module
  1. Forensic Medicine and Medico-Legal Investigation: Objectives, Inquest and Inquest TypesForensic medicine in an Indian medico-legal investigation serves the IO's objectives across the four types of inquest examiners must distinguish.12 min
  2. Thanatology: Death, Causes, Signs and Post-Mortem ChangesThanatology covers somatic, cellular, and brain death, the modes and causes of death, and the full early-to-late post-mortem timeline.16 min
  3. Estimation of Time Since DeathIndian forensic pathologists estimate the post-mortem interval from algor, rigor, livor, gastric and vitreous data, and entomology, tropically corrected.13 min
  4. Mode and Manner of Death; Custodial DeathMode, manner, and cause of death follow the NASH classification; India's custodial death protocol runs on NHRC 1993 guidelines, BNSS 198, and D.K. Basu.11 min
  5. Autopsy and Post-Mortem Examination ProtocolAn Indian medico-legal autopsy runs from BNSS Section 196 requisition through viscera dispatch, under the three-cavity protocol and second-autopsy law.10 min
  6. Mechanical Injuries: Abrasions, Bruises, Lacerations, Incised and Stab WoundsIndian forensic surgeons classify mechanical injuries by ageing bruises by colour and separating incised from lacerated, suicidal from homicidal wounds.14 min
  7. Firearm Injuries: Entry, Exit, Range and PatternReading firearm wounds in Indian forensic casework: entry vs exit, contact to distant range signs, GSR collection, country-made kattas, and bullet recovery.15 min
  8. Electrical, Thermal, Regional and Traffic InjuriesIndian examiners read electric marks, burns, and crash patterns through Joule lesions, Marshall's triad, and pedestrian impact phases.16 min
  9. Asphyxial Deaths: Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation, Drowning and DiatomsAsphyxial death covers mechanical, chemical, and environmental causes, ligature analysis in hanging versus strangulation, and the diatom test for drowning.15 min
Module 615 hrs8 topics

Criminal Profiling

History of profiling, behavioural evidence analysis, motivation typologies, victimology, psychological autopsy, sexual-offence profiling, geographical and cyber profiling.

Start module
  1. History of Criminal ProfilingFrom Jack the Ripper's Dr Bond to the FBI BSU's Mindhunter era, plus where Indian profiling work actually started.11 min
  2. Behavioural Evidence Analysis: MO, Signature and StagingDifference between modus operandi and signature, what staging tells you, and the crime classification manual approach.12 min
  3. Criminal Motivation and Behavioural TypologiesOrganised vs disorganised, Holmes typology, lust/anger/power/profit motives, and Indian case studies.12 min
  4. Victim Profiling and VictimologyVictim risk assessment, lifestyle factors, victim-offender relationship, and the limits of pure victimology.10 min
  5. Psychological Autopsy: Suicide vs Homicide DifferentiationWhen to commission one, the NIMHANS protocol, and how Indian courts have received it (Sunanda Pushkar, others).11 min
  6. Sexual Offences: Profiling ApproachGroth's power/anger typology, BAU sex-crimes model, and the Indian statutory frame (BNS / POCSO) for context.12 min
  7. Geographical ProfilingDistance-decay, routine activity theory, Rossmo's formula, and how GIS-led profiling is being piloted in Indian metro police.11 min
  8. Criminal Behaviour on the Internet (Cyber-Profiling)Online disinhibition, predator grooming patterns, dark-web persona analysis, and what cyber-profiling actually contributes to Indian investigations.12 min

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