Forensic glossary
3,564 forensic terms, each defined and linked to the topics that explain it. Jump to a letter, or search a term in your browser.
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- 10% ordnance gelatin (FBI protocol)
- 1:1 macro photography
- 1:1 photography
- 16S rRNA
- 1P-LSD (1-propionyl-LSD)
- 2-D impression
- 20% ordnance gelatin (NATO protocol)
- 2009 NAS report
- 20WBCT
- 2100:1 partition ratio
- 2',3'-dideoxynucleotide triphosphate (ddNTP)
- 27 CFR Part 21
- 2D impression
- 3-D impression
- 3-D surface profilometry
- 31P NMR
- 360-degree imaging
- 365 nm UV lamp
- 3D fingerprint capture
- 3D impression
- 3D laser scanner
- 3D optical scanning
- 3R rule
- 4-Anilinopiperidine scaffold
- 4-Vinylcyclohexene (4-VCH)
- 4-way handshake
- 4DOF model
- 5 cm spit excavation
- 5% HNO3 swab
- 5-MeO-DMT
- 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM)
- 7-Aminoflunitrazepam
- Δ9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
A
- A-addition
- A Horizon
- A260/A280 ratio
- AABA 2020 position statement
- Aadhaar
- Aadhaar e-Sign
- Aadhaar exclusion (DPDP Act s.17(2))
- AAS
- AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry)
- ABAcard p30
- Abbe diffraction limit
- ABE guidance
- ABFA
- ABFA (American Board of Forensic Anthropology)
- ABFA Diplomate
- ABFDE
- ABFO #2 scale
- ABFO No. 2 scale
- ABFO No.2 scale
- Abjad
- ABO system
- Abraded collar
- Abrasion
- Abrasion collar
- Absorbance (A)
- Absorption
- Absorption-elution
- Absorption-inhibition
- Abugida (alphasyllabary)
- Accelerant detection canine (ADC)
- Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)
- Accelerator mass spectrometry
- Accidental discharge
- Accreditation
- ACCT process
- Accumulated degree days (ADD)
- Accuracy and precision
- Accurate mass
- Accurate mass and mass defect
- ACE-V
- ACE-V validation
- Acetolysis
- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition
- AChE (acetylcholinesterase)
- AChE / BChE
- Achieving Best Evidence (ABE)
- Acid blank
- Acid fraction
- Acid-free packaging
- Acid-insoluble ash
- Acid phosphatase (AP)
- ACM-PE cladding
- Acquiescence bias
- ACS (Algorithmic Comparison Score)
- Actus reus
- Acute-2007
- ADBOU transition analysis
- Addition (interlineation, insertion)
- Adequate country (GDPR Ch. V)
- Adermatoglyphia
- ADH assay
- Adipocere
- Admissibility
- Admission vs confession
- Adulterant
- Adulteration
- Advanced Data Protection (ADP)
- Adversarial attack
- AEAD
- Aerodynamic drag
- AES-NI
- AFCC Model Standards
- AFDIL
- AFDIL (Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory)
- AFIS
- AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System)
- AFIS / NAFIS
- AFIS workstation
- Aflatoxin B1
- AFRS (India)
- AFTE conclusion scale
- AFTE Range of Conclusions
- AFTE Theory of Identification
- AFTER
- Agarose
- Age-related stature loss
- Agglutination
- Aging
- Aging index (Aginsky)
- Aginsky method
- Agisoft Metashape
- Agonal period
- AI Act Article 5(1)(f)
- AI-assisted scene mapping
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
- Algor mortis
- Alite (C3S)
- Alkaline fraction
- Alkaloid ratio profiling
- Alkene triplet pattern
- Alkyd resin
- Allele drop-in
- Allele drop-out
- Allelic drop-out
- Allelic ladder
- Allograph
- Alpert correlation
- Alpha-amino acids
- Alpha-amylase
- Alpha-PVP (alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone)
- Alpha spectrometry
- Alphabet
- AlQahtani London Atlas
- ALS (Alternate Light Source)
- Alteration
- Alternate Data Stream (ADS)
- Alternate light source (ALS)
- Aluminate (C3A)
- Aluminium phosphide
- Aluminium phosphide (AlP)
- AMA Code of Medical Ethics
- AMB-FUBINACA (ADB-FUBINACA)
- Amcache.hve
- Amelogenin
- Amino acid racemisation
- Ammoniated mercury
- Ammonium adduct [M + NH4]+
- Ammonium Nitrate Security Program (ANSP)
- Ammonium sulphate modification
- Ammunition
- Amplicon
- AmpliTaq Gold
- ANAB
- Anagen / catagen / telogen
- Anagen phase
- Analysis phase
- Anatomical landmarks
- Anatomy Act 1832
- Ancestry-informative marker (AIM)
- Anchor point
- Android Auto Backup
- ANFO
- ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil)
- Angle of impact
- Anion gap
- Anion-gap metabolic acidosis
- Annealing
- Annealing temperature
- Anode target
- Anonymous writing
- ANPR
- ANT (Antisocial Features)
- Antemortem vs postmortem sample
- Anterior nasal spine (ANS)
- Anthrone test
- Anthropogenic fraction
- Anthropology Research Facility (ARF)
- Anthropometry
- AnthropoScope
- Anti-forensics
- Anti-handling device (AHD)
- Anti-human serum
- Antibody
- Antibody (isohaemagglutinin)
- Anticholinergic syndrome
- Antidote
- Antigen
- Antigen-antibody reaction
- Antimony sulphide
- Antiserum
- Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
- Anupam Verma committee
- ANZAPPL
- AP-LS
- APA Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology
- APA Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology (2013)
- Aperture
- APFS
- API-based collection
- APK / IPA
- Appendicular skeleton
- Appreciation vs knowledge
- Appropriate adult
- AR walk-through
- Arc bead
- Arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI)
- Arc flash
- Arc-flash bead metallurgy
- Arch
- Ardrox
- Area of convergence
- Area of origin
- Argus X-12 QS
- Arms Act 1959
- Arms Rules 2016
- Arms Trade Treaty 2013 (ATT)
- Aroclor
- ARP poisoning
- Arrhenius equation
- Arsenic (As)
- Arson motive classification
- ART
- Article 13
- Article 14 (equality before law)
- Article 15
- Article 16
- Article 17
- Article 19
- Article 20(3) (self-incrimination)
- Article 21 (life and personal liberty)
- Article 22
- ARVC (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)
- Arylnaphthalide lignan
- ASCLD-LAB
- ASCLD-LAB Legacy programme
- ASE
- Ashing
- Ashing aid
- Asperity
- Asphyxia
- Asphyxiant
- ASTM C150
- ASTM E1188
- ASTM E1387 / E1618
- ASTM E1492
- ASTM E1588
- ASTM E1588-20
- ASTM E1618
- ASTM E1967
- ASTM E2154
- ASTM E2285 / E2286
- ASTM E2290
- ASTM E2323
- ASTM E2365
- ASTM E2494
- ASTM E2789-11
- ASTM E2885-13
- ASTM E2927
- ASTM E2937
- ASTM E2998
- ASTM E30
- ASTM E766
- Asymmetric cryptography
- Asymmetric key pair
- Atavism
- ATF Explosives Industry Programs Branch (EIPB)
- ATF NCETR
- Atkins v. Virginia
- Atkins v. Virginia (2002)
- Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation (APCI)
- Atomisation
- ATR (attenuated total reflectance)
- ATR-FTIR
- ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflectance FTIR)
- Atropinisation
- ATSA
- ATSA (Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers)
- Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR
- AUC (Area Under the ROC Curve)
- AUC statistic
- auditd
- Auerbach-Ruff 2004 method
- Auricular surface
- Auto-forgery
- Auto-ignition temperature
- Autofluorescence
- Autolysis
- Automated particle search (APS)
- Automated SEM-EDS
- Automatic Signature Verification (ASV)
- Automatic Speaker Recognition (ASR)
- Autonomic storm
- Autopsy
- Autosomal vs mitochondrial DNA
- Axial skeleton
- Ayahuasca
- Azo dye
B
- BAC
- BAC (Basic Access Control)
- Back-face deformation (BFD)
- Back-scattered electron (BSE)
- Backdraft
- Background correction
- Background population database
- Background subtraction
- Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging
- Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)
- Ball propellant
- BalliScan 3D
- Ballistic coefficient (BC)
- Ballistic execution
- Ballistic solver
- Ballpoint ink
- BAM file
- Band spectrum
- Banding
- Bandpass and slit width
- Bandpass filter
- Banks v. Goodfellow (1870)
- Barbara Rae-Venter
- Barberio test
- Barbiturate
- BARC Trombay
- Barium nitrate
- Barrier filter
- Base peak
- Base rate
- Base Rate (BR) scoring
- Basecoat
- Baseline
- Basic field kit
- Basic Yellow 40 (BY40)
- Bass Donated Skeletal Collection
- Battered-woman syndrome (BWS)
- Battle-sight zero (BZO)
- BATVOX
- BAU sex-crimes model
- Bayesian inference
- Bayesian likelihood ratio
- Bayesian likelihood ratio (LR)
- BDC (Bullet Drop Compensator)
- BDDS
- Beach marks
- Beanbag round
- Bearing surface
- Bearing surface diameter
- Becke line
- Becquerel and curie
- Beer-Lambert law
- Behavioral analysis (threat assessment)
- Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU)
- Behavioural biometric
- Behavioural consistency
- Behavioural distinctiveness
- Behrensmeyer weathering stages
- Belite (C2S)
- Below-chance performance
- Belted case
- Benzidine test
- Benzodiazepine
- Benzoylecgonine
- Benzoylecgonine (BE)
- BEOS
- BEOS / Brain Fingerprinting
- Berdan primer
- Berdan primer pocket
- Beta-carboline alkaloids
- Beta elimination rate (beta)
- Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023
- Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA)
- Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA 2023)
- Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 s.63
- Bhasma
- Bichat's trio
- Bichromatic powder
- Bifurcation
- Big Dye Terminator (BDT) v3.1
- BIN / IIN
- Binder
- binwalk
- Biogeographic ancestry inference (BGA)
- Biological profile
- Biological race
- Biometric
- Biometric identifier (BIPA)
- Biometrics
- BIOS / UEFI
- Biot equation
- BIPA
- Birefringence
- Birmingham Six
- Bisulphite conversion
- Bit-stream image
- BitLocker
- Bitrex (denatonium benzoate)
- Bitter-almond odour
- BKA
- BKA (Bundeskriminalamt)
- BKA Ink Reference Collection
- Black-box study
- Black-box validation
- Blast lung injury
- Blast over-pressure
- Blast seat
- Bleached-genuine counterfeit
- Blind proficiency test
- Blind verification
- Block cipher
- Block-letter conversion
- Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
- Bloodstain pattern AI
- Blow-out exit wound
- Blowfly
- Blue-white screening (alpha-complementation)
- BNS § 106
- BNS § 113 and UAPA
- BNS 2023
- BNS 2023 § 106
- BNS 2023 § 113
- BNS 2023 § 117
- BNS 2023 § 304
- BNS § 22
- BNS § 22 / IPC § 84
- BNSS § 194
- BNSS 2023
- BNSS 2023 § 367
- BNSS 2023 § 54
- BNSS § 367
- BNSS forwarding form
- BNSS Section 105 search
- BNSS section 105 videography
- BNSS Section 176(3)
- BNSS Section 91
- Body-fluid-specific transcripts
- Bodycam
- Bolam test
- BOLD signal
- BOLD Systems
- Bolitho qualification
- Bombay phenotype (Oh, hh)
- Bonaparte
- Bonaparte platform
- BOPP (biaxially oriented polypropylene)
- Bore axis
- Bore / Caliber
- Borosilicate glass
- Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)
- Boxer primer
- Boxer primer pocket
- Bozorth3
- BPA
- BPA (blood pattern analysis)
- BPF (Berkeley Packet Filter)
- BPR&D
- BPS Division of Forensic Psychology
- BPS Division of Forensic Psychology Practice Guidelines 2017
- Bracketing standards
- Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act 1993
- Bragg's law
- Brain death
- Brain death (brainstem death)
- Braking mark
- BrassTRAX-3D HD
- Breakaway spur
- Breakthrough therapy designation (FDA)
- Breech face
- Bridgewire
- Brisance
- Brisance (shattering power)
- Broken chain
- Bromobenzene
- Bromocresol green (BCG) test
- Bromoform
- Bromoform-bromobenzene system
- Brunelle R-ratio method
- Brute force
- BS 8414-1
- BSA 2023
- BSA 2023 § 39
- BSA 2023 § 63
- BSA 2023 (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam)
- BSA 2023 (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023)
- BSA 2023 / IEA Section 45
- BSA 2023 Section 39
- BSA 2023 Section 63
- BSA 2023 Section 63 certificate
- BSA 2023 Section 79
- BSA § 39
- BSA Section 63
- BSA Section 63 certification
- BSSID / ESSID
- BSU (Behavioural Science Unit)
- BTAC (Behavioral Threat Assessment Center)
- Buckberry-Chamberlain five-trait composite
- Buffer zone
- Buikstra-Ubelaker Standards
- Bullet embolism
- Bullet Trajectory Kit (BTK)
- Bullet wipe
- Bullet wipe (metal wipe)
- BulletTRAX-3D HD
- Bumper mark
- Burden of proof
- Burke and Rowe 1992
- Burking
- Burrows' Delta
- BYOK / HYOK
- ByteRange
C
- C-4
- C-S-H gel
- C2PA (Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity)
- C30 17alpha-hopane
- Cadaver decomposition island (CDI)
- Cadaver dog
- Cadaveric spasm
- Cafcass section-7 report
- Cairns checklist
- Cal Fire (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection)
- Cal Fire Law Enforcement and Investigations Division
- Calcination
- Calcined bone
- Calcium sulphate hemihydrate
- Calibration
- Calibration curve
- Calibration cycle
- Calliphoridae
- Callus
- Cameriere method (2007)
- Campbell Danger Assessment (DA)
- Canine
- Can't let go threshold
- Capillary column
- Capillary electrophoresis
- Capillary electrophoresis (CE)
- Carbamate
- Carbon black
- Carbon disulfide (CS2)
- Carbon-film ribbon
- Carbon-tape stub (Tri-Mark)
- Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb)
- Cardiac glycoside
- Carfentanil
- Carnivore gnaw marks
- Carrier gas
- Carrion succession
- Cartridge
- Cast-off
- Categorical identification
- Category A method
- Category B method
- Cathinone
- Caucasoid / Mongoloid / Negroid
- Cauchy equation
- Cause of death
- CBD (cannabidiol)
- CBGA (cannabigerolic acid)
- CBN (cannabinol)
- CCD (Charge-Coupled Device)
- CCMB LaCONES
- CCTNS
- CDFD
- CDFD (Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics)
- CDR
- CDSCO
- CEDAR-FOX
- CEDAR study (Srihari 2002)
- Cell-free DNA (cfDNA)
- Cellebrite UFED
- Cellular death
- Centimorgans (cM)
- Centrifugal spiral
- Centripetal spiral
- Centrolobular necrosis
- Cephos Corporation
- Cerbera odollam
- CERT-In
- CERT-In Direction April 2022
- Certified reference material (CRM)
- CFAST
- CFSL
- CFSL (Central Forensic Science Laboratory)
- CFSL Hyderabad explosives wing
- Chain of custody
- Chain of custody (CoC)
- Chamber pressure
- Champod minutia frequency study
- Channel programme
- Channel programme (UK)
- Channelopathy
- Chaotropic salt
- Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) condition
- Chapman-Jouguet pressure
- Chapman-Jouguet velocity
- Char depth
- Char depth gradient
- Char-depth probe
- Character inventory
- Characteristic GSR particle (ASTM E1588-20)
- Characteristic particle
- Characteristic X-ray
- Characteristic X-rays
- Charas
- Charge sheet (Section 193)
- Charred document
- Charring
- Check-digit algorithm
- Check washing
- Cheiloscopy
- Chelation therapy
- Chelex-100
- Chemical erasure
- Chemical shift (delta)
- Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)
- Cherry-pink lividity
- Cherry-red livor mortis
- Children's Firesetting Interview (CFI)
- Chip-off
- Chipset (PCH)
- Chirality
- Chirasil-DEX CB
- Choke (shotgun)
- Chop wound
- Chroma
- Chromophore
- Chromosome
- Chromotropic acid test
- CIAN
- CID and HCD
- CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
- CIP
- Circle hypothesis
- CITES Appendices I/II/III
- Civil wrong (tort)
- CJA 2009 § 52
- Class A (MDA 1971)
- Class characteristic
- Class characteristics
- Class characteristics (footwear)
- Class vs individual evidence
- Clay mineral
- Clear Ballistics (Permagel)
- Clearcoat
- Clearview AI
- Cleckley's sixteen criteria
- Cleistanthus collinus
- CLI spoofing
- Clinal variation
- Clinical (academic) autopsy
- Clinical Forensic Psychology
- Clinker
- C_llr (log-likelihood ratio cost)
- CLOUD Act 2018
- CloudTrail
- CMC (Congruent Matching Cells)
- CMO design
- CMOS battery
- CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)
- Co-oximetry
- Coagulative necrosis
- CoAP
- Cobalt thiocyanate
- Cockling
- Code-switching
- Codex Alimentarius
- CODIS
- CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)
- Coefficient of kinetic friction (mu)
- Coefficient of restitution (e)
- Coercive control
- Cognitive Interview (CI)
- COI barcoding
- COI (COX1)
- Cold-boot attack
- Cold-case hit
- Cold filament failure
- Cold-working stress field
- Collateral source
- Collision and reaction cell (CRC)
- COLMAP
- Colour spot test
- Coma
- Combination mark
- Combined paternity index (CPI)
- Combustible gas indicator (CGI)
- Command-initiated switch
- Commercial pyrotechnic powder
- Commercial quantity (NDPS)
- Commingled remains
- Community Treatment Order (CTO)
- Commuter
- Comparable text
- Comparative radiography
- Comparison (control) sample
- Comparison microscope
- Comparison phase
- Comparison sample
- Competitive vs non-competitive format
- Complete hanging
- Completely Denatured Alcohol (CDA)
- Compliant false confession
- Composition B (Comp B)
- Compound-specific IRMS (CSIA)
- Computer forensics
- Concealed Information Test (CIT)
- Concentric crack
- Concentric cracks
- Concentric fracture
- Conditional evidence
- Conductive heat transfer
- Cone fracture
- Confirmation bias
- Confirmatory technique
- Confirmatory test
- Confocal microscopy
- Conformity assessment
- Confusion and diffusion
- Congener fingerprinting
- Congruent Matching Cells (CMC)
- Conoscopic illumination
- Consecutive matching striae (CMS)
- Consent
- Consent imbalance
- Consequential validity
- Consistent particle
- Consistent with
- Consolidant
- Constant-time crypto
- Contact shot
- Contact stellate wound
- Contact wound
- Contemporaneity
- Contemporaneous Documentation
- Content-aware fill
- Contextual bias
- Contextual cognitive bias
- Contingency Fee Prohibition
- Continuous authentication
- Continuous (Bremsstrahlung) radiation
- Continuous model
- Control chart
- Control-plane log
- Control Question Test (CQT)
- Control sample
- Control swab (background)
- Controlled air drying
- Controlled humidification
- Contusion (bruise)
- Convective heat transfer
- Conveyor belt slip fire
- Convolutional neural network (CNN)
- Conway microdiffusion
- Conway microdiffusion cell
- Copy generation
- Copy-move detection
- Copybook system
- Cordoning
- Core
- Coriolis effect
- Corona wire
- Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (CJA 2009)
- Corrective action and CAPA
- Correlation Report
- Corroborative value
- Corrosive
- Cortex
- Cortical (compact) bone
- Cortical index
- Cosine error
- Cotton-linen substrate
- Counterfeit Currency Database (CCD)
- Country liquor (India)
- Country-made bomb (desi / sutli bomb)
- Country-made firearm
- Country-made firearm (katta)
- Course-of-business writings
- Court-Appointed Expert
- Court sample
- Courtroom-language translation problem
- Covariate problem
- CpG methylation
- CP(MIP) Act 2003
- CPP Articles 74-75 (France)
- CPR Part 19
- CPR Part 35
- Cq (cycle threshold)
- CQT
- Cranial robusticity
- Cranial suture closure
- Crater analysis
- Crater glass
- Crazing
- Crescentic fingernail abrasion
- Crime Classification Manual (CCM)
- Crime (legal)
- Crime-lite
- Crime scene
- Criminal Geographic Targeting (CGT)
- Criminal investigative analysis (CIA)
- Criminal profiling
- Criminogenic need
- Criminology
- CrimPR Part 19
- Criterion validity
- Critical diameter
- CRM
- Cross-Cultural Competence
- Cross-race effect
- Cross-reference table (xref)
- Cross-script disguise
- Cross-section mount
- Cross-section shape
- Crossed Nicols
- Crural index
- Cryoscopy
- Cryptanalysis
- CSID (Called Subscriber Identification)
- CTS-2010 (Cheque Truncation System)
- CTS (Collaborative Testing Services)
- CTS2 (Revised Conflict Tactics Scales)
- Culpable homicide
- Cultural affiliation (NAGPRA)
- Culturally unidentifiable remains
- Custodial death
- Cut-off
- Cut-off concentration
- Cuticle
- CVAAS
- CVE / KEV
- CVPC (Currency Verification Processing Centre)
- CVV / CVC
- Cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming
- Cyanoacrylate fuming
- Cyanogenic glycoside
- Cycle sequencing
- cyt-b barcoding
- Cyt-b PCR
- Cytochrome-b (cyt-b)
- Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)
D
- D band and G band (Raman)
- D-loop
- d-spacing
- Dactyloscopy
- DADP (diacetone diperoxide)
- Daisy wheel
- Damage-tolerant design
- Dangerous Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD)
- DAPI
- Data fiduciary (DPDP Act)
- Data-plane log
- Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
- Daubert criteria
- Daubert standard
- .dav file
- Davis reagent
- DB-5 column
- DB-ALC1 / DB-ALC2
- DBSML
- DC v. Heller (2008)
- DDNP (diazodinitrophenol)
- DDoS (distributed denial of service)
- De Montfort precedent (2018)
- DEA Form DEA-7
- DEA Laboratory System
- Dead-donor rule
- Death
- Deciduous dentition
- Decomposition
- Decontamination
- Decontamination wash
- Deconvolution
- Deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) embedding
- Defatting
- Defence attorney's fallacy
- Defence wound
- Deficient paternity test
- Deflagration
- Deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT)
- Degradation Index (DI)
- DeHaan modification
- Delamination
- Deletion vs erasure
- Delta
- Delta-C-13
- Delta-N-15
- Delta (triradius)
- Demirjian method (1973)
- Demirjian stages
- Denatonium benzoate
- Denaturant
- Denaturation
- Densitometric scanning
- Density
- Density-gradient column
- Density gradient tube
- Dental cementum annulations
- Dental eruption
- Dental formula
- Dental stone
- Depressed fracture
- DEPT 135
- Depth of field
- Depth of field (DoF)
- Depurination
- Derivatisation
- Dermal nitrate (paraffin) test
- Dermal papillae
- Dermestid gnaw marks
- Desaparecidos
- Desensitisation (Griess protocol)
- Detection window
- Detective dye
- Detonating cord
- Detonating cord (det cord)
- Detonation
- Detonator
- Deuterated internal standard
- Deuterated solvent
- Devil's eye burn pattern
- Dextrorotatory (+)
- DFC
- DFO (1,8-diazafluoren-9-one)
- DFO (1,8-diazafluorenone)
- DFSA (drug-facilitated sexual assault)
- DFSS
- DFSS (Directorate of Forensic Science Services)
- Diacetyl monoxime (DAM) test
- Diacetylmorphine
- Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)
- Dialysis
- Diatom
- Diatom frustule
- Diatom test
- Diatom test for drowning
- Diazol / SINOXIDE
- Dichroic mirror
- Differential extraction
- Diffie-Hellman
- Diffraction limit
- Diffuse loading
- Diffusion model
- Digital evidence
- Digital signature
- Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
- Diminished responsibility
- Diode array detector (DAD)
- Diphenylamine (DPA) test
- Diphenylamine test
- Direct collection (with login)
- Direct collection (without login)
- Direct comparison
- Direct reference match
- Discriminant function analysis
- Disengagement vs deradicalisation
- Disguised writing
- Disorganised offender
- Disparate impact
- Dispersion
- Dissolved gas analysis (DGA)
- Distance decay
- Distance-decay function
- Distant wound
- Diterpene alkaloid
- DKIM
- DMARC
- DMDNB
- DMDNB taggant
- DMT (N,N-dimethyltryptamine)
- DNA barcoding
- DNA Technology Bill 2019
- DNG (Digital Negative)
- DNT isomers (2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT)
- Document
- Document control
- DOD ABIS
- DOJ Interim Policy 2019
- Doli incapax
- Doppler effect
- Dose heterogeneity
- Double-base powder
- Double-blind administration
- Dowry death
- DPDP Act 2023
- DPDP Act s.17(2) exemptions
- Drag coefficient (C_D)
- Drag factor (μ)
- DRDE Gwalior
- Dried blood spot (DBS)
- Drone overhead capture
- Drop-in
- Drop-out
- Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940
- Drum period
- Dry ashing
- Dry bone fracture pattern
- Dry drowning
- DSC
- DSLR vs mirrorless
- DSTL Fort Halstead
- DTT (dithiothreitol)
- Dual charging
- Dual-deficit requirement
- Dual-Role Conflict
- Dual-systems model (Steinberg 2008)
- Ductile dimples
- Due process (Indian gloss)
- DUMBBELS
- Duo / motherless case
- Duquenois-Levine test
- Durham rule
- Durham Rule (1954)
- Dusky standard
- Duty to the court
- DVI
- DVI (Disaster Victim Identification)
- DVI Identification Board
- DVR
- Dwell time
- Dye-based ink
- Dye-decay dating (LaPorte method)
- Dye-sublimation printer
- Dying declaration
- Dynamic mark
- Dynamic pressure
- Dynamic range
- DyViS corpus
E
- E-coat
- e-FIR
- E-value (BLAST)
- EAAF (Equipo Argentino de Antropologia Forense)
- EBIS
- EBS snapshot
- Eburnation
- ECC
- ECCC (Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia)
- Eccrine residue
- Eccrine sweat gland
- ECD
- Ecological validity
- Ectocranial scoring
- eDNA meta-barcoding
- EDR (Event Data Recorder)
- EDS / EDXRF detector
- EDTA decalcification
- EDX / EDXRF
- EDXRF
- EDXRF vs WDXRF
- Effect pigment
- EGDN (ethylene glycol dinitrate)
- Ehrlich reagent
- EI (Electron Ionisation)
- eIDAS
- Ejector mark
- Electric detonator (blasting cap)
- Electrocoat (e-coat)
- Electrolytic etching
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Electron impact (EI) ionisation
- Electron ionisation (EI)
- Electronic record
- Electronic record certificate (Section 63 BSA)
- Electrophoretic mobility (μ)
- Electrophotographic process
- Electrospray ionisation (ESI)
- Elimination print
- Elimination (SWGDOC)
- ELISA
- Ellman method
- ELOVL2 clock
- ELSI (Ethical, Legal and Social Implications)
- Embossed seal counter-matrix
- Embossing
- EMCDDA
- EMCDDA Early Warning System
- EMIT
- eMMC dump
- EMPOP
- EMPOP (ENBISI Mitochondrial Population Database)
- EMPOP SAM2
- Empty magnification
- EMV chip
- Enantiomeric excess (ee)
- Enantiomers
- Endochondral ossification
- Endogenous GHB threshold
- Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)
- Energy-dispersive XRF (EDXRF)
- Energy-Equivalent Speed (EES / delta-V)
- ENF (Electrical Network Frequency)
- ENFSI
- ENFSI AI Position Paper
- ENFSI Best Practice Manual
- ENFSI BPM
- ENFSI DNA WG
- ENFSI DNA Working Group
- ENFSI Document and Handwriting Working Group
- ENFSI Drugs Working Group (DWG)
- ENFSI EDEWG
- ENFSI ENG-FG1
- ENFSI ENG3-2013
- ENFSI ENGAGE
- ENFSI EPG
- ENFSI EPG protocol
- ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes)
- ENFSI evaluative reporting framework
- ENFSI evaluative standard
- ENFSI EWG
- ENFSI EWG AI working group
- ENFSI EWG-GSR
- ENFSI EWG-GSR Best Practice Manual
- ENFSI FAWG
- ENFSI FAWG (Forensic Anthropology Working Group)
- ENFSI FEL Network
- ENFSI FIDE-WG
- ENFSI FIRM
- ENFSI FSAAWG
- ENFSI FWG
- ENFSI IP Working Group
- ENFSI Monopoly programme
- ENFSI verbal scale
- Enrolment
- Entrance bevelling
- Entropy (Shannon)
- Environmental control stub
- Environmental SEM (ESEM)
- Eötvös effect
- EPC / 5GC
- Epi-fluorescence illumination
- EPIC array (Illumina)
- Epidemic dropsy
- Epiphyseal fusion
- Epiphyseal growth plate (physis)
- Epitope and hapten
- EpiTYPER
- ePrivacy Directive
- Equal error rate (EER)
- Equilibrium dialysis
- Equirectangular projection
- Equivalence ratio
- Equivalence ratio (phi)
- Equivocal death
- Equivocal forensic analysis
- Erase Sperm Isolation Kit
- Erasure (chemical)
- Erasure (mechanical)
- ERPO (Extreme Risk Protection Order)
- Error Level Analysis (ELA)
- Erythroxylum coca
- ESDA
- ESDA (Electrostatic Detection Apparatus)
- ESDA examination
- ESDA lift
- ESI (Electrospray Ionisation)
- ESI-MS (electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry)
- ESIGN Act (Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act)
- ESLA (Electrostatic dust-print lifter)
- ESS (European Standard Set)
- ESSplex SE QS
- Estelle v. Gamble (1976)
- Estimator variables
- Ethics in forensic science
- Ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA)
- Etizolam
- eTrace (ATF)
- Ettringite
- EU AI Act
- EU AI Act 2024
- EU AI Act Art 10 (training data requirements)
- EU Directive 92/83/EEC
- EU Prüm framework
- EU Regulation 1223/2009
- EU Regulation 2019/1148
- EU Trusted List (EUTL)
- EUCAP
- EuroForMix
- Europol PEX (Project Ester)
- Evaluation phase
- Evaluative reporting
- Evaporative weathering
- Event data recorder (EDR)
- Event reconstruction
- Evidence-grade digital imaging
- Evil twin
- Evofinder
- EVTX
- Examination-in-chief
- Exclusion
- Exemplar
- Exemplar dictation protocol
- Exemplar set
- Exemplar (standard)
- Exhumation autopsy
- EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format)
- EXIF metadata
- Expanding concentric search grid
- Expert
- Expert opinion (Section 39 BSA)
- Expert Witness Duty to Court
- Explainability (ML forensic)
- Explicit consent (GDPR)
- Explosive
- Explosive-detection canine (EDC)
- Exposure triangle
- Extension
- External ballistics
- External beveling
- Externally visible characteristic (EVC)
- Externally visible characteristics (EVCs)
- Extinction angle
- Extracted ion profile (EIP)
- Extraction
- Extractor mark
- Extruded (stick) propellant
F
- F-r (Infrequency-revised)
- f-stop
- FaceLab
- FACES
- Factitious disorder
- Factor 1 (interpersonal-affective)
- FACTS
- FADO (False and Authentic Documents Online)
- False positive identification rate (FPIR)
- False positive (PDD)
- False positive (presumptive test)
- False-positive rate
- False-positive rate (FMR)
- False-start kerf
- Familial searching
- Familias
- FAR
- FAR / FRR / EER
- Faraday bag
- Faro Focus 3D
- FASR
- Fast-track court
- FASTag-ANPR fusion
- FASTQ
- Fatigue striations
- Fax header bar
- FBE
- FBI 10% gelatin protocol
- FBI Ballistic Testing Protocol
- FBI BAU
- FBI Crime Classification Manual (CCM)
- FBI ERT
- FBI NGI (Next Generation Identification)
- FBI OIG report (2006)
- FBI Soil Examination Unit
- FBS-r (Symptom Validity Scale-revised)
- FCIN
- FDE
- Federal Analogue Act (FAA)
- Federal Analogue Act (US)
- Federal HST
- Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 702
- Female fraction
- Femoral blood
- Femoral head diameter (FHD)
- Femoral head vertical diameter
- FIB (Focused Ion Beam)
- Fibronectin
- FICN
- FICN (Fake Indian Currency Notes)
- FID
- FID and Fourier transform
- File carving
- File slack
- Files On-Demand
- Filled counter
- Financial distress analysis
- Fingerprint region
- Fingerprint region (IR)
- Finished sketch
- FIR
- Fire control system (FCS)
- Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)
- Fire point
- Fire tetrahedron
- Fire triangle
- Firearm
- Firearms Act 1968 (UK)
- Firesetting Risk Interview (FRI)
- Firing-pin impression
- First-pass metabolism
- FISH (Forensic Information System for Handwriting)
- FIT-R
- Fitness to stand trial
- Fitzpatrick scale
- Flaming combustion
- Flash point
- Flashover
- Flesh fly
- Flight time
- Float (Pilkington) glass
- Float process
- Float-sink transition
- Florence test
- Flubromazolam
- Fluorescence
- Fluorescence interference
- Fluorescence lifetime
- Fluorescence microscope
- Fluorescence quantum yield (Phi)
- Fluorescent security ink
- Fluorescent whitening agent (FWA)
- Flynn effect
- FMR and FNMR
- Focal loading
- Focus stacking
- Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
- Follicular tag
- Fomepizole
- Fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole)
- FORDISC
- FORENSeq DNA Signature Prep
- ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit
- ForenSeq Kintelligence
- Forensic account
- Forensic anthropology
- Forensic Capability Network (FCN)
- Forensic chemistry
- Forensic Data Bank (FDB)
- Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP)
- Forensic entomology
- Forensic Explosives Laboratory (FEL)
- Forensic gait analysis
- Forensic image
- Forensic linguistics
- Forensic medicine
- Forensic odontology
- Forensic palynology
- Forensic Psychology
- Forensic science
- Forensic Science Regulator Act 2021
- Forensic Science Regulator (FSR)
- Forensic toxicology
- Forensic voice comparison
- Form 21 (viscera)
- Form 65 BNSS forwarding
- Form 95 / sealed PB
- Formaldehyde-releasing preservative (FRP)
- Formant
- Formants (F1, F2, F3, F4)
- Formate (formic acid)
- Formic acid
- Forwarding memo
- Foster+Freeman ESDA 2
- Foster+Freeman VSC8000
- Foundational validity
- Foundational validity as applied
- Four-component IED model
- Four-tier protocol
- Fourier banding analysis
- Fp-r (Infrequency-Psychopathology-revised)
- FPN reagent
- Fraction A
- Fraction B
- Fractional Effective Dose (FED)
- Fractography
- Fracture termination rule
- Fragment identification
- Fragmentation
- Frangible ammunition
- Frank-Kamenetskii model
- Frankfurt horizontal plane
- Free-text keystroke dynamics
- Freehand forgery
- Freehand simulation
- Freeze-drying (vacuum lyophilisation)
- Frenulum tear
- Friction lid
- Friction ridge
- Friction ridge skin
- Friedlander waveform
- Frontal sinus
- FRStat
- Frustule
- Frye standard
- Fry's reagent
- FSIQ
- FSR Act 2021
- FSR Codes of Practice
- FSR Codes of Practice and Conduct
- FSSAI
- FSSAI Manual of Methods
- FSSAI methanol limit
- FSSAI notified laboratory
- FTIR
- FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)
- FTIR microspectroscopy
- FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infrared)
- Fuel-cell breath analyser
- Fuel-controlled fire
- Functional capacity assessment
- Functional reconstruction
- Functional size
- Fundamental frequency (F0)
- Fundamental right
G
- G1 drag standard
- G7 drag standard
- GABA-A receptor
- Gag-and-bind asphyxia
- Gait pattern
- Galena (PbS)
- Galton features
- Gamma spectrometry
- GAN (Generative Adversarial Network)
- GAN spectrum fingerprint
- GAP insurance
- Gaurav Nagpal v. Sumedha Nagpal (2008)
- GBL (gamma-butyrolactone)
- GC-ECD
- GC-FID
- GC-IRMS
- GC-MS interface
- GC-TEA
- GC×GC-TOFMS
- GDPR Article 9
- GEDmatch
- GEDmatch PRO
- Geiger-Muller tube
- Gel lifter
- Gel pen ink
- Gelatine tissue lift
- Gender Shades (2018)
- GeneMapper ID-X
- General Rifling Characteristics (GRC)
- Genetic genealogist
- Geographic profiling
- Geometric morphometrics
- geomorph (R package)
- GEQD
- Gerasimov method
- GFAAS
- GFAAS (graphite furnace AAS)
- GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid)
- Ghost image
- Gilbert v. California (1967)
- Gilding metal
- GKT / CIT
- Glabella
- Glaister-Brash method
- Glaser Safety Slug
- Glass-transition temperature (Tg)
- Glassine envelope
- Glenn-Raine neuroimaging findings
- GlobalFiler
- Glowing connection
- Glowing (smouldering) combustion
- Glycerin chamber
- GMC Good Medical Practice
- Gnathion
- Golden rule (probate)
- Golf ball (IBM Selectric)
- Golf ball (type element)
- Gonial angle
- Gonion
- Goniospectrophotometry
- Good Lives Model (GLM)
- Gouge mark
- Gravity drop
- GRC database
- Grease ring
- Greater sciatic notch
- Greely-Illes critique (2007)
- Green bone fracture pattern
- Greenhill formula
- Greenough design
- Griess test
- Grievous hurt
- GRIM-3
- GRIM3
- Grooming
- Grooves
- Groth typology
- Ground current
- Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)
- Group frequency
- GSR
- GSR (gunshot residue)
- GSR Pb-Sb-Ba signature
- Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales
- Guilty but mentally ill (GBMI)
- Gun Control Act 1968 (GCA)
- Gunshot residue (GSR)
- Gustafson method
- Gustafson method (1950)
H
- H.264 (AVC)
- Hackle lines
- Hackle marks
- Haematin
- Haemodialysis in methanol poisoning
- Haemoglobin species
- Half-life
- Hall v. Florida
- Hamann-Todd Collection
- Hamming distance (HD)
- Hand change
- Handheld Raman
- Handler cueing
- Handwriting
- Hangfire
- Haplogroup
- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE)
- Hari Singh Gond (2008)
- Harvard Criteria (1968)
- Hash function
- Hash value
- Hash verification
- Hatcher rule
- Haversian canal
- Haversian system (osteon)
- Haversian system (secondary osteon)
- HCPC
- HCR-20 V3
- Head-space GC-FID
- Head-throw distance (HTD)
- Headspace
- Headspace GC
- Headspace GC-FID
- Headstamp
- Heat release rate (HRR)
- Heat-tinting
- Heavy-mineral fraction
- Heel of a fire
- Helling v. Carey (1974)
- Helsinki Declaration
- Henry classification
- Henry Classification System
- Henssge nomogram
- Hering's principle
- Hero arsonist
- Hesitation marks
- Heskestad correlation
- Heteroplasmy
- Heterozygosity
- Heydenreich model
- HFE (hydrofluoroether)
- HG-AAS
- HHC (hexahydrocannabinol)
- HHXRF
- hiberfil.sys
- High Court
- High-risk AI system
- HIIDE
- Hindsight
- Hindu Marriage Act 1955 § 12
- Hinge fracture
- Hinge lifter
- HIrisPlex-S
- Histamine vital-reaction marker
- Hit-and-run
- Hit-rate
- Hizanat
- HMAC
- HMTD (hexamethylene triperoxide diamine)
- Hollow cathode lamp (HCL)
- Holmes typology
- Hologram
- Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart typology
- Homicide
- Homogeneous vs heterogeneous
- Hooch
- Hopane
- Hopkinson-Cranz scaling
- Horvath 353-CpG clock
- Hostile witness
- Hot filament failure
- Hot gas layer
- Hot mirror (IR-cut filter)
- Hot-start polymerase
- Hotelling's T2
- Howells craniometric database
- Hp, Gc, Tf
- HPGe detector
- HPLC-DAD
- HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose)
- HPTLC
- Hue
- Human Tissue Act 2004 (HTA)
- Humeral head vertical diameter
- Humic acid
- Hunchly
- Hybrid encryption
- Hydride generation (HG-AAS)
- Hydrostatic shock
- Hydrostatic weighing
- Hydroxyapatite (HA)
- Hyoid bone fracture
- Hyperspectral imaging
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- Hypervariable region (HV1, HV2)
- Hypervisor
- Hyphenated technique
- Hyphenation
I
- I-24/7
- i-vector
- I4C
- IAFIS
- IAFPA (International Association of Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics)
- IAI
- IAI Latent Print Certification (LPC)
- IAI LPCB
- IAVI (International Association of Voice Identification)
- IBHVG2
- IBIN
- IBIS BrassTRAX-3D HD
- IBIS / NIBIN
- IBIS TRAX-3D HD
- ICAO 9303
- ICAO Montreal Protocol on Plastic Explosives (1991)
- ICCID
- ICD-10 Chapter XX (V01-Y98)
- ICDD PDF-4
- iCloud backup
- ICMP (International Commission on Missing Persons)
- ICMR dental standards
- ICP-MS
- ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry)
- ICP-OES
- ICP plasma
- ICP source
- ICTR (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda)
- ICTY (International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia)
- IDENT1
- Identical by descent (IBD)
- Identification (1:N)
- Identification (SWGDOC)
- Identifiler Plus
- Idiosyncrasy
- IDRA 1984
- IDS vs IPS
- IED (Improvised Explosive Device)
- IEDDTU report
- IEF (isoelectric focusing)
- Igarashi revision
- Ignitable liquid
- Ignitable Liquid Reference Collection (ILRC)
- Ignitable liquid residue (ILR)
- Ignition-point clustering analysis
- Ignition temperature
- IHBAS
- ILAC MRA
- ILAC MRA (International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement)
- ILR
- Image enhancement
- IMEI
- IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
- Immersion method
- Immunoelectrophoresis
- IMPA (isopropyl methylphosphonic acid)
- Imperial calibre notation
- ImpHash
- Impressed mark
- Impression mark
- IMS
- IMS positive-ion mode
- IMSI
- IMSI catcher
- INAA
- Inbreeding coefficient (F)
- Inchoate offences
- Incised wound
- Incisor
- Inclusion
- Incomplete combustion
- Incomplete hanging
- Incremental update
- Incremental validity
- Indanedione-zinc
- Indentation
- Indented tracing
- Indented writing
- India Ammonium Nitrate Rules 2012
- Indian Contract Act 1872 § 11-12
- Indian profiling practice
- Indian Telegraph Act 1885 s.5(2)
- Indicator species (pollen)
- Indirect collection
- Individual characteristic
- Individual characteristics
- Individuality
- Individualization
- Indoor scene
- Inductively coupled plasma (ICP)
- Industrial Methylated Spirit (IMS)
- Infection vs intoxication
- Infinity-corrected optics
- Informational privacy
- Infrared luminescence (IRL)
- Inherent fluorescence
- Inhibition index
- Initiator
- Injury
- Ink-fixative pretreatment
- Ink tagging programme
- Inkjet printing
- InnoQuant HY
- Inode
- Inquest
- Inquest under BNSS 175-176
- Insane delusion
- Insanity Defense Reform Act 1984
- INSDC
- Instrumental technique
- Insurance Fraud Enforcement Department (IFED)
- Intaglio printing
- Integration
- Integro-differential operator
- Interaction volume
- Interface
- Interlineation
- Interlocus drop-out
- Intermediary
- Intermediary safe harbour
- Intermediate syndrome
- Intermediate-target wound
- Intermediate wound
- Internal ballistics
- Internal beveling
- Internal standard / deuterated standard
- Internal standard (IS)
- Internalised false confession
- INTERPOL DNA Gateway
- INTERPOL DVI Pink Form
- INTERPOL DVI protocol
- INTERPOL iARMS
- Interrogative suggestibility
- Interstitial lamellae
- Intramembranous ossification
- Inventory replacement arson
- Inverse-square law
- Invert sugar
- Inverted-cone pattern
- Investigative genealogy
- Investigative genetic genealogy (IGG)
- Investigative Psychology
- Investigator 24plex QS
- Investigator's kit
- IoC (Indicator of Compromise)
- Iodine-starch test
- IOF
- Ion chromatography
- Ion chromatography (IC)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)
- Ionising radiation
- IPA 2016 s.56
- IPC (Internal PCR Control)
- IPD pixels
- IPSec AH and ESP
- IR breath analyser
- IR-cut filter
- IR luminescence
- IR reflectance
- IR reflectance photography
- IR transmission
- IrisCode
- Iron-gall ink
- Irritant
- IRTE
- IRUG database
- IS 17051-2018
- ISBT
- Iscan-Helmer 1993
- Iscan-Loth method
- ISO
- ISO 17020:2012
- ISO 17034
- ISO 21043
- ISO 8576
- ISO 9001
- Isoallele
- Isocratic vs gradient elution
- Isoelectric point (pI)
- Isoenzyme / polymorphism
- ISO/IEC 17025
- ISO/IEC 17025:2017
- Isoparaffinic products
- Isoscape
- Isotonitazene (ISO)
- Isotope ratio analysis
- Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS)
- IT Act 2000
- ITAA 2008
- ITS region
J
- J-acid test (Janovsky-type)
- JA3 / JA3S
- Jablonski diagram
- Jacketed hollow-point (JHP)
- Jackson v. Indiana (1972)
- Jacob Mathew test
- Janowski test
- Jeopardy surface
- JESIP
- Jet separator
- JIEDDO / JIDA
- JIT (Joint Investigation Team)
- JJ Act 2015 § 15
- Johnson's IPV typology
- Joule burn
- Joule burn (electric mark)
- Journal (file-system)
- journalctl
- JPEG compression
- JPEG ghost analysis
- JTAG
- Judicial Commissioner (IPCO)
- Judicial review
- JUMBF (JPEG Universal Metadata Box Format)
- JWH-018
K
- K-alpha line
- KAPE
- Karl Fischer titration (KFT)
- Kastle-Meyer (KM) test
- Kastle-Meyer test
- Kathi Kalu Oghad principle
- Katta
- KBr pellet
- KED (Kinetic Energy Discrimination)
- Keller-Kiliani test
- Kent factors
- Kerberos
- Kerf
- Kerf wall squareness
- Kerley method
- Kernel space vs user space
- Keychain
- Keyhole defect
- Keyhole wound
- Khanpetch 2012
- Ki
- KINEGRAM
- Kinetic energy
- Kinship match
- Kjeldahl method
- Klales 2012 revision
- Knockdown pattern (H2S)
- Koehler illumination
- Kohl (kajal, surma, al-kohl)
- KRACK
- Kubelka-Munk model
L
- L-r / K-r
- L21A1 AEP
- LA-ICP-MS
- Label
- LabRadar
- Laceration
- Lacquer
- Lacuna
- Laevorotatory (-)
- Lake (enclosure)
- Laminated glass
- Lands
- Larval instar
- Laser capture microdissection (LCM)
- Laser diffraction (PSD)
- Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)
- Laser rangefinder (LRF)
- LASSO regression
- Latency period
- Latent image
- Latent impression
- Latent print
- Lateral-flow immunoassay
- Lattes crust method
- launchd
- Laurent half-shade polarimeter
- Law Enforcement Directive (LED)
- Layered excavation
- LC
- LC-MS/MS
- LC-MS/MS MRM
- LC-MS/MS (negative ESI)
- LD50
- LDI-MS / MALDI-TOF
- Le Duc model
- Lead chromate (PbCrO4)
- Lead-free GSR
- Lead-free primer
- Lead isotope source attribution
- Lead (Pb)
- Lead styphnate
- Leakage
- Lease termination arson
- Left-hand twist (LHT)
- Leica FSC
- Lens classes
- LEOPA
- Leucomalachite Green (LMG)
- Levamisole
- Level 1 detail
- Level 2 detail
- Level 3 detail
- Levoglucosan
- Lex Aquilia
- Lexical tone
- LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy)
- Lichtenberg figure
- Lifted (transferred) forgery
- Ligature groove (hanging)
- Ligature groove (strangulation)
- Ligature mark
- Light painting
- Light petroleum distillate (LPD)
- Likelihood ratio (LR)
- Likelihood ratio reporting
- Limit of detection (LOD)
- Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ)
- Limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ)
- Limit of Quantification (LOQ)
- LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System)
- LIMS stage gating
- Line quality
- Line spectrum
- Linear ACE-V
- Linearity
- Linguistic fingerprint
- Linkage analysis
- Liquefactive necrosis
- Lithium-ion thermal runaway
- Litz wind drift model
- Live response
- Liveness detection
- Livor mortis
- Livor mortis (hypostasis)
- LNK file
- Locard's exchange principle
- Locke 1985 protocol
- Lockett v. Ohio (1978)
- LOD and LOQ
- Logical extraction
- Login Data
- Logograph
- Long-pass (viewing) filter
- Long-Term Average Spectrum (LTAS)
- Long-Term Validation (LTV)
- Loop
- Loss on ignition (LOI)
- Lovejoy eight-phase system
- Low burn pattern (LBP)
- Low-copy-number (LCN) PCR
- LRmix Studio
- LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
- Lumicyano
- Luminol
M
- M-FAST
- M-FIsys
- M62 tracer
- M855A1 EPR
- MAC address (OUI)
- MAC timestamps
- MacArthur Law and Neuroscience Project
- MacCAT-CA
- MacCAT-T
- Mach cone
- Mach number
- Mach stem
- Machine direction (MD)
- Machine Identification Code (MIC)
- Macro reproduction ratio
- Macro scene
- Macro vs micro
- Magazine-lip marks
- Maggot mass temperature
- Magisterial inquest
- Magistrate Court
- Magnetic particle inspection (MPI)
- Magnetic-particle method
- Magnetic powder
- Magnetic stripe
- Magnetic wand
- Magnus effect
- Mahalanobis distance
- Mahazar
- Mahazar (Panchnama)
- Mahua liquor
- Main charge
- MAL (Malingering Index)
- Malar tubercle
- MALDI
- MALDI-MSI
- Male fraction (sperm fraction)
- Malingering
- Management review
- Manchester method
- Manchester method (IFRG)
- Mandela Rules
- Mandelin reagent
- Manner of death
- Manner of poisoning
- Manual strangulation (throttling)
- Manufacturing change window
- MAP (Maximum Average Pressure)
- Marauder
- Marbling
- Marital rape exception
- Marquis reagent
- Marsh test
- Marsh test (1836)
- Marshall's triad
- Martin D'Souza safeguard
- Maryland v. King (2013)
- Mass-to-charge ratio (m/z)
- Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) / NGS
- Mastoid process
- matK
- Matrix
- Matrix destruction
- Maximum (anatomical) femur length
- Maximum average pressure (MAP)
- Maxwell RSC 48
- Mayfield error
- MAYSI-2
- MBR vs GPT
- MCAS
- McCaffrey plume model
- McCauley-Moskalenko two-pyramid model
- MCCD Form 4
- MCI Regulation 7.14
- McKern-Stewart system
- MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo)
- MCMI-IV
- MD5
- MDPV (methylenedioxypyrovalerone)
- Measurement uncertainty
- Measurement uncertainty (MU)
- Mechanical erasure
- Mechanism of death
- Mecke reagent
- Medial clavicle epiphysis
- Medical Examiner (US)
- Medico-legal autopsy
- Medico-legal certificate (MLC)
- Medico-legal expert
- Medico-legal officer (MLO)
- Medulla
- Medullary index
- Mees lines
- MeghRaj
- Meindl-Lovejoy vault system
- MeitY empanelment
- Melamine
- Melamine-cyanuric acid co-crystal
- Melanin binding
- Melt-and-quench mechanism
- Melt globule
- Melting temperature (Tm)
- Mens rea
- Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England and Wales)
- Mental eminence
- Mental Healthcare Act 2017
- Mental Healthcare Act 2017 § 103
- Mentally disordered offender (MDO)
- Mephedrone (4-MMC)
- Mercury (Hg)
- Mercury vapour lamp
- Metallisation
- Methanol
- Method validation
- Method validation parameters
- Metric calibre notation
- Metrological traceability
- Mettler FP-90
- MFCC
- MHA
- MHA 1983 § 47
- MHA 1983 § 48
- MIC / yellow tracking dots
- Michel-Lévy chart
- MICR E-13B
- Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)
- Micro-CT
- Micro scene
- Microarray (gene chip / SNP chip)
- Microbial forensics
- Microclimate offset
- Microprinting / microtext
- Microspectrophotometry (MSP)
- Microtome cross-section
- Microwave-assisted digestion
- Mid-infrared (mid-IR)
- Mikrosil
- Mikrosil casting
- Miliradian (mil)
- Miller stability formula
- Miller v. Alabama (2012)
- Mini-STR
- Minimum Number of Elements (MNE)
- Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI)
- Minisatellite (VNTR)
- Minutiae
- Minutiae (Galton points)
- Miranda warning
- MiRNA (microRNA)
- Mirror region
- Misinformation effect
- Mist region
- MITM (man-in-the-middle)
- Mixed agglutination
- Mixed-mode SPE
- Mixed scene
- Mixture
- Mixture ratio
- MLAT
- MMPI-2-RF
- MMR compression (Modified Modified READ)
- M'Naghten Rules
- M'Naghten Rules (1843)
- MNS system
- MOA (minute of angle)
- Mobile crime scene laboratory
- Mobile phase
- Mobile scene
- MoCRA 2022
- Mode of death
- Mode of operation
- Model State Vital Statistics Act 2011
- Modified Griess test
- Modus operandi
- Modus operandi (MO)
- MoH&FW protocol 2014
- Molar
- Molar absorptivity (ε)
- Molar extinction coefficient (ε)
- Molecular death
- Molecular hybridisation
- Molecular ion (M+)
- Momentum conservation
- Monitor mode
- Monozygotic twin distinction
- Montgomery v. Lanarkshire (2015)
- Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016)
- Moorrees-Fanning-Hunt stages
- Moral reconation therapy (MRT)
- Morphological analysis
- Morphoscopic traits
- Morphotype
- Moseley's law
- Most Likely Number of Individuals (MLNI)
- Motherless paternity test
- Motivation
- Motor programme
- Mott formula
- Mould remediation
- Mouse dynamics
- MPC § 4.01 substantial-capacity test
- MPC substantial-capacity test
- MQTT
- MRM
- MRM (multiple reaction monitoring)
- mRNA body-fluid profiling
- mRNA / miRNA
- mRNA profiling
- MRZ (Machine-Readable Zone)
- MSC
- MSD
- MSISDN
- MTA
- MUA
- Mukherjee 1955 dataset
- Mukherjee-Bandyopadhyay equations
- Mullen-Pathé five-class typology
- Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)
- Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST)
- Multi-tone watermark
- Multipath
- Multiple cloning site (MCS)
- Multiple origin areas
- Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)
- Multiplex STR kit
- Multispectral imaging
- Mummification
- Munsell chip comparison
- Munsell colour notation
- Munsell Notation
- Munsell soil colour
- Murray-Tedrow framework
- Muscidae
- Must-be-there bias
- Mutation rate
- Mutual exclusion rule
- Muzzle blast
- Muzzle imprint
- Muzzle imprint (muzzle contusion ring)
- Muzzle velocity
- MWCO
- Mylar film
- Mylar (polyester) sleeve
- m/z (mass-to-charge ratio)
N
- NAA (neutron activation analysis)
- NABIS
- NABIS (National Ballistics Intelligence Service)
- NABL
- NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories)
- NABL T-126
- NAFIS
- NAFIS (National Automated Fingerprint Identification System, India)
- NAFRS
- NAGPRA
- NAME
- NAME classification
- NAME referral criteria
- NamUs
- NAND flash wear leveling
- Narco-analysis
- Narcotic (NDPS sense)
- NAS 1979 report
- NAS 2009
- NAS 2009 report
- NAS Report 2009
- Nash reagent method
- Nasion
- National Database of Arms Licences (NDAL)
- National Firearms Act 1934 (NFA)
- National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB)
- NATO cross
- Natural fibre
- Natural variation
- Natural variation vs disguise variation
- NBFAC
- NBTRB (NIST Ballistic Toolmark Research Database)
- NCII
- NCRB
- NCRB ADSI
- NDIS (National DNA Index System)
- NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority)
- NDNAD
- NDPS Act 1985
- NDPS commercial quantity
- NDPS small quantity / commercial quantity
- Near-contact wound
- Near-zero crossing
- Necrobiome
- NEDA (N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride)
- Negative amplification control
- Negative corpus
- Negative-corpus argument
- Negotiable instrument
- Network former
- Network modifier
- Network tap
- Neural arch
- Neurolaw
- Neurotoxic
- Neurotoxic envenomation
- Neutral buoyancy
- Neutral fraction
- Neutral plane
- Neutron capture (n, gamma)
- Neutron-induced X-ray fluorescence (NIXRF)
- Neutron radiography
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS)
- NFC
- NFI (Netherlands Forensic Institute)
- NFPA 51B
- NFPA 921
- NFSU
- NGFW
- NGI
- NGI face component
- NHRC custodial death protocol
- NIBIN
- NIBIN hit
- NICFS
- NICHD Protocol
- NIJ Range Estimation Guidelines
- NIJ Standard 0101.06
- NIK polytesting
- NIM (Negative Impression Management)
- NIMHANS
- NIMHANS Neuropsychological Battery
- NIMHANS protocol
- Nine-point opinion scale
- Ninhydrin
- NIR (Near-Infrared)
- NIR reflectance imaging
- NIST 2020 Handwriting Report
- NIST 2020 (NISTIR 8282)
- NIST ELFT-EFS (2012)
- NIST FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator)
- NIST FRVT
- NIST FRVT (Face Recognition Vendor Test)
- NIST IR 8006
- NIST IREX
- NIST Latent Quality Metric
- NIST SP 800-145
- NIST SRE (Speaker Recognition Evaluation)
- NIST SRM 1828
- NIST SRM 2710a / 2711a
- NIST SRM 612
- NIST SRM 8806
- NIST SRM (Standard Reference Material)
- Nitazenes
- Nitramine
- Nitro compound
- Nitrogen rule
- Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre
- NMC Code of Ethics
- NMC (India)
- NMC (National Medical Commission)
- No conclusion (SWGDOC position 5)
- No Lie MRI
- No-objection certificate (NOC)
- Nodal point
- Nolla method (1960)
- Non-fatal strangulation
- Non-Newtonian fluid
- Non-porous substrate
- Non-Prohibited Bore (NPB)
- Non-Toxic Ammunition (NTA)
- Nonel shock-tube system
- Novel psychoactive substance (NPS)
- Novichok
- Novichok (A-series)
- NRC 2003
- NSG SAG and Bomb Squad
- NTCA
- Nuchal crest
- Nuclear forensics
- Nucleotide
- Number of contributors (NoC)
- Numerical aperture (NA)
- Nuqat
- NVR
- NYC OCME
- Nylon-11 bag
O
- OAuth token acquisition
- Obligate paternal allele
- Oblique flash
- Oblique illumination
- Oblique light
- Oblique-light illumination
- Oblique-light photography
- Oblique lighting
- Obliteration
- Obstetric trade-off
- Obturation
- OCAD (OPCW Central Analytical Database)
- OCME (Office of the Chief Medical Examiner)
- OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol)
- Oehler Model 35P
- OIG report
- OIML R 139
- Online disinhibition effect
- OPCW Designated Laboratory
- Open proficiency test
- Open verdict / undetermined
- Operation Hammerhead (Adam case)
- Operational persona
- Opiate vs opioid
- OPIDN
- OPSEC
- Opt-in policy
- Optical bridge
- Optical brightener
- Optical brightening agent (OBA)
- Optical emission spectrometry (OES)
- Optical rotation (α)
- Optically variable ink (OVI)
- Order of volatility
- Ordnance gelatin
- Organic GSR (OGSR)
- Organic peroxide explosive
- Organised crime
- Organised offender
- Organised vs disorganised
- Organised vs disorganised fire-setting
- Organised vs disorganised typology
- Organochlorine (OC)
- Organophosphate (OP)
- Origin-and-cause determination
- Ortho-Tron projection rod
- Orthogonality (analytical)
- Orthopantomogram (OPT)
- OSAC
- OSAC 2022/0004
- OSAC Anthropology Subcommittee
- OSAC Documents Subcommittee
- OSAC F&E subcommittee
- OSAC (fire and explosion)
- OSAC Friction Ridge Subcommittee
- OSAC (NIST)
- OSAC (Organisation of Scientific Area Committees)
- OSAC (Organization of Scientific Area Committees)
- Oscillating-U-tube densitometer
- OSI reference model
- OSINT
- OSIRIS
- Osteoclast
- Osteon
- Othram Inc.
- Otoscopy (earprint)
- Ouchterlony double diffusion
- Out-of-alignment character
- Outdoor scene
- Over-50 ceiling
- Over-insurance
- Overwriting
- OWASP Top 10
- Owsley-Mann protocol
- Oxime reactivation
- Oxygen balance
P
- p30 / PSA
- P300
- P300 ERP
- PACE 1984 s.61A
- PACE (Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984)
- PACE s.78
- Packet sniffing
- Padding oracle
- Page substitution
- PAI
- Paint
- Paint transfer
- Paint transfer analysis
- Pair-matching
- Paltauf's spots
- Palynology
- Papillary dermis
- Parabon NanoLabs
- Parabon Snapshot
- Paradoxical undressing
- Parallel-plane requirement
- Paraquat lung score
- Parchmentisation
- Parent stain
- Parent-to-metabolite ratio
- Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS)
- Parfocal stage
- Parfocality
- Particle-size distribution
- Partition coefficient (K)
- Partition vs adsorption
- Party-Retained Expert
- Passive Authentication (PA)
- Passive headspace charcoal-strip extraction
- Passive headspace concentration
- Passive headspace concentration (PHC)
- Pasta base (coca paste)
- Patent impression
- Patent print
- Paternity index (PI)
- Pathology
- Pathway-to-violence model
- Pattern evidence
- PC-Crash
- PCAPng
- PCAST 2016
- PCAST 2016 report
- PCAST report (2016)
- PCL:SV and PCL:YV
- PCR
- PCR-RFLP
- PDQ
- PDQ (Paint Data Query)
- PE (Portable Executable) header
- PEACE model
- Peak contrast
- Peak static overpressure (Ps)
- Pecuniary jurisdiction
- Peer review of casework
- Pen lift and hiatus
- Penetration
- Pennate vs centric
- People v. Castro (1989)
- Per-violation damages (BIPA)
- Perfect Forward Secrecy
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS)
- Performance validity test (PVT)
- Perimortem fracture
- Perimortem trauma
- Perimortem vs postmortem modification
- Perimortem window
- Periostitis
- Permanent cavity
- Permanent dentition
- Permeability (packaging)
- Perpendicular camera alignment
- Perseverance bias
- Persistence
- Persistence half-life (GSR on hands)
- Personal persona
- Personation
- PESO (India)
- PESO (Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation)
- Petechial haemorrhages
- Petroleum fractions
- Petrous bone
- PGM, EsD, AK, GLO
- Pharmacogenomics
- Phase 4 Reconciliation
- Phase compression error
- Phase-contrast microscopy
- Phase I metabolism
- Phase II metabolism
- Phenice method
- Phenobarbital
- Phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCI) extraction
- Phenolic resin
- Phenolphthalein test
- Phenoxyethanol
- Phenoxyethanol (2-phenoxyethanol)
- Phenoxyethanol decay
- Phenylacetone (P2P, BMK)
- Phosphate survey
- Phosphine (PH3)
- Phosphorescence
- Phosphoroscope
- Photo-anthropometry
- Photo log
- Photo-skull superimposition
- Photo substitution
- Photobleaching
- Photodiode-array (PDA) detector
- Photogrammetric 3D scene model
- Photogrammetry
- Photographic reproduction
- Photographic triad
- Photographic triad shot count
- Photoionisation detector (PID)
- Photomultiplier tube (PMT)
- Photon
- Photon energy (eV)
- Phreaking
- Phred quality score
- Phred quality score (Q)
- Phthalocyanine
- Phylogenetic proximity
- Physical developer (PD)
- Physical evidence
- Physical extraction
- Physiological biometric
- PicoGreen
- Piezoelectric inkjet
- Piezoelectric transducer
- Pig butchering
- Pigment
- Pigment ink
- Pink Form
- Pipe-gun
- Pitch
- pKa
- PKI
- places.sqlite
- Plan objective
- Planck-Einstein equation
- Plasmid
- Plaso / log2timeline
- Plassdata DVI System
- Plastic print
- Plastic vs sculptured reconstruction
- Plate theory
- Plateau effect
- Platen glass
- PLDA (Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis)
- Plexiform bone
- Plexiform bone (taphonomy context)
- Plexor HY
- PMK-glycidate
- PMKID attack
- PMN (polymorphonuclear neutrophil) infiltration
- POCSO 2012
- POCSO § 35
- Point-blank range (PBR)
- Point cloud
- Poison
- Poison Act 1919
- Poisoning
- Polarisability
- Polarising microscope
- Police inquest
- Polilight
- Pollard 1998 protocol
- Polonium-210 (Po-210)
- Polyacrylamide (PAGE)
- Polyatomic interference
- Polycarbonate biographical page
- Polyester toner
- Polygonal rifling
- Polygraph
- Polygraph (PDD)
- Pope-Smith framework
- Population affinity
- Population-frequency anchoring
- Population frequency database
- Porous substrate
- Portland cement
- Portlandite
- Positive allosteric modulation
- Positive identification
- Positive predictive value (PPV)
- Post-blast analysis
- Post-blast residue (PBR)
- Post-identification feedback effect
- Post-mortem genetic testing (cardiac)
- Post-mortem interval (PMI)
- Post-mortem redistribution
- Post-mortem redistribution (PMR)
- Post-mortem wound
- Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)
- Posterior probability
- Pour pattern
- Powder tattooing
- Powder tattooing (stippling)
- Powder XRD
- PowerPlex Fusion 6C
- PowerPlex Y23
- Pozzolan
- Praat
- Pre-Assessment Notification
- Pre-auricular sulcus
- Precipitin arc
- Precipitin reaction
- Precision ID GlobalFiler NGS STR Panel
- Prefetch
- Prefrontal cortex (PFC)
- Premolar (bicuspid)
- Presentation attack (biometric)
- Presentation Attack Detection (PAD)
- Presser test
- Presumption of legitimacy
- Presumptive test
- Presumptive vs confirmatory test
- Primary and secondary graves
- Primary blast injury
- Primary burial
- Primary container
- Primary explosive
- Primary ossification centre
- Primary scene
- Primary vs secondary electronic evidence
- Primary vs secondary evidence
- Primer
- Primer sealant
- Principal component analysis (PCA)
- Principle of individuality
- Prior odds
- Pritchard criteria
- Private document
- PRNU fingerprint
- PRNU (Photo Response Non-Uniformity)
- Probabilistic genotyping
- Probabilistic genotyping (PG)
- Probability of paternity (W)
- Probative value
- Procrustes superimposition
- PRODAS
- Product rule
- Proficiency test
- Proficiency testing
- Proficiency testing (PT)
- Profilometry
- Progressive collapse
- Prohibited Bore (PB)
- Projectile
- Projectina PAG II
- Promiscuous mode
- Propellant
- Property list (plist)
- Proportion ratio
- Proportionality test (Puttaswamy)
- Proprietary DVR file system
- Prosecution proposition
- Prosecutor's fallacy
- Protamine
- Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (UK)
- Provisional opinion
- Prüm Decisions
- Pseudopathology
- Psilocin
- Psilocybin
- Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (UK)
- Psychological autopsy
- Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)
- Pubic symphysis
- Public document
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- PUCL judgment 1997
- Pull-up (bleed-through)
- Puppe's rule
- Purpose-limitation
- Putrefaction
- Putrefactive ethanol
- Puttaswamy 2017
- Puttaswamy v. Union of India
- Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2018)
- PVA spray
- PVB interlayer
- PVC card body
- PWDVA 2005 and BNS § 78
- Py-GC-MS
- Pycnometry
- Pyrethroid
- Pyridine
- Pyrogram
- Pyrolysis
- Pyrolysis GC-MS
- Pyrolysis products
- Pyromania
Q
- qcow2
- QIAcube Connect
- QRJacking
- QSCD (Qualified Signature Creation Device)
- Quadrupole ICP-MS
- Qualified Electronic Signature (QES)
- Qualified-opinion framework
- Quality assurance (QA)
- Quality control (QC)
- QuantiBlot
- Quantifier and qualifier transitions
- Quantifiler Trio
- Quantised energy level
- Quantum yield (Φ)
- Quart metal paint can
- Quaternary blast injury
- QuEChERS
- Questioned document
- Questioned document (QD)
R
- R (Bridges) v. Chief Constable of South Wales Police (2020)
- R v. Bentham (2005)
- R v. Doheny and Adams (1996)
- R v. Mohan 1994
- R v. Mohan (1994) + White Burgess Langille Inman (2015)
- R v. Pora (2015 UKPC)
- R v. T (2010)
- R v. Tobi (2019)
- R v. Turnbull warning
- R v. Turner (1975)
- Radial crack
- Radial cracks
- Radial fracture
- Radiating fracture
- Radiative heat transfer
- Radiological dispersal device (RDD)
- Rag paper
- Raman effect
- Raman microspectroscopy
- Raman scattering
- Raman spectroscopy
- Random forest classifier
- Random match probability (RMP)
- Randomly acquired characteristics (RACs)
- Range of firing
- RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA)
- Rape (BNS 2023 Section 63)
- RAPEX / Safety Gate
- Rapid DNA (RTX)
- RASFF
- Rate of twist
- Ratio
- RAW capture
- RAW file format
- Rayleigh criterion
- rbcL
- RBD Act 1969
- RBS (Response Bias Scale)
- RCPath (Royal College of Pathologists)
- rCRS
- rCRS (revised Cambridge Reference Sequence)
- RDX (Research Department Explosive)
- Real-time remote biometric identification (RTBI)
- Received header
- Recognised medical condition
- Recognition
- Reconstructive memory
- Recovery
- Reduced ignition propensity (RIP)
- Reduced mobility (K0)
- Refinish
- Refinish paint
- Reflected UV photography
- Refractive index
- Refractive index (RI)
- Registry hive
- Regression formula
- Regur (black cotton soil)
- Rehabilitation Council of India
- Reid Technique
- Reinsch test
- Reitox network
- Related-party analysis
- Relative judgement
- Relevancy
- Reliability
- Render-safe procedure
- Render-safe procedure (RSP)
- Reparse point
- Replenishment SOP
- Request writings
- Residual tooth marks
- Resolution
- Resolution (Rs)
- Response style
- Restoration of competency
- Retardation
- Retention time (tR)
- Retouch
- Retrace
- Reverse-phase chromatography
- Reversed-phase HPLC
- Rf (retention factor)
- Rf value
- Rf value (retardation factor)
- RFC 1918 private space
- RFLP
- RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)
- RFSL
- RG
- Rh system
- Rhodamine 6G
- Rhodamine B
- RIA
- Ribbon impression
- Ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP)
- Ricochet
- Ricochet wound
- Ridge counting
- Ridge ending
- Ridge formation window
- Ridge tracing
- Rietveld refinement
- Rifled firearm
- Rifling
- Rigel
- Right-hand twist (RHT)
- Rigor mortis
- Rimless case
- Ring flash
- Risk level
- Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR)
- River patterns
- RMR-1029
- RNAA
- Robert Williams case (2020)
- ROC / AUC analysis
- Rogers Detection of Deception model
- Roper v. Simmons (2005)
- Rough sketch
- Routine activity theory
- RSA
- RSID strips (Independent Forensics)
- RSRS
- Rubber die defect inventory
- Rubber-sheet model
- Ruff-Scott-Walker 1997 method
- Ruhemann's Purple
S
- S and Marper v. UK (2008)
- S-N curve
- SAAMI
- Saccharimeter
- SAE J1739
- SAE viscosity grade
- Safe-life design
- Safety fuse
- Safrole
- Salivary drool track
- SAMHSA-5
- Sample preparation
- Sanguinarine
- Saponification
- Saponin treatment
- SAPROF
- SARA
- Sarconecrophagous
- Sarcophagidae
- Sarcosaprophagous
- Sarin (GB)
- Saturated NaCl
- Saturation kinetics
- SAVRY (Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth)
- S+B
- Scapular glenoid breadth
- Scavenger succession
- Scene log
- Schedule 1 (CWC)
- Schedule H
- Schedule H1
- Schedule I (CSA)
- Schedule II (CSA)
- Schedule lag
- Schedule X
- Schedules I to VI (pre-2022) / I to IV (post-2022)
- Schema-focused therapy (SFT)
- Scheuer-Black framework
- Schmeling protocol
- Sciatic notch (greater)
- Scientific method
- Scintillation detector
- Scott test
- Screening test
- SDDIS
- SDS-PAGE
- SE33 (ACTBP2)
- Sealed packet
- Sealed packet bag
- Sealed packet protocol
- Search pattern
- Seat of blast
- Seat of explosion
- Sebaceous residue
- Secondary blast injury
- Secondary container
- Secondary deposition
- Secondary drowning
- Secondary electron (SE)
- Secondary explosive
- Secondary missile
- Secondary ossification centre
- Secondary projectile
- Secondary scene
- Secondary transfer
- Secondary writing
- Secretor
- Secretor status
- Section 105 BNSS
- Section 176(3) BNSS
- Section 25 Arms Act
- Section 27 Arms Act
- Section 39 BSA
- Section 57 (Aadhaar Act, struck down)
- Section 63 BSA
- Section 7 PC Act 1988
- Section 73 IEA / BSA 2023
- Section 79 safe harbour
- Sectional density
- Sectional density (SD)
- Secure Enclave
- Security feature
- Security thread
- Sedative-hypnotic
- See-through register
- Segmental analysis
- Seizure memo (panchnama)
- Select agent
- Selected ion monitoring (SIM)
- Selected reaction monitoring (SRM)
- Selection rule
- Sell v. United States (2003)
- Selvi v. Karnataka
- Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010)
- SEM
- SEM-EDS
- SEM-EDS (ASTM E1588-20)
- SEM-EDX
- SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis)
- Semtex H
- Sensitivity
- Sensitivity threshold
- Sequence evidence
- Sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS)
- Sequential examination protocol
- Sequential gate design
- Sequential lineup
- Sequential processing
- Sequential reconstruction
- Sequential unmasking
- Serial arson
- SERS
- Serum tryptase
- Service Control Policy
- Session restore
- Sessions Court
- Sexine and nexine
- Sexual assault (POCSO)
- Sexual dimorphism
- Sexual offence
- SFSL
- SHA-256
- Shared responsibility model
- Shear-thinning (pseudoplastic)
- Shear zone
- ShellBags
- Shimmer
- Shipman colour stages
- Shirorekha
- Shodhana
- Shored exit wound
- ShotSpotter
- Sibling likelihood ratio (SLR)
- SICAR (Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval)
- SICPA OVI
- Side-channel attack
- Side determination
- Side flash
- SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)
- Sieve mesh recovery
- Sieve recovery
- Signature
- Signature panel
- Significant Social Media Intermediary
- Significant Social Media Intermediary (SSMI)
- Silicon drift detector (SDD)
- SILVA
- SIM swap
- Similarity score
- Simon's test
- Simple distillation
- Simple hurt
- Simulated forgery
- Simultaneous lineup
- Single-base powder
- Single-bullet trajectory analysis (JFK/HSCA)
- Single joint expert (SJE)
- Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
- Sink-float test
- Sinterfire
- SINTOX
- Sintox primer
- SIRS-2
- Six-element IED model
- Sizing
- Skeletal histomorphometry
- Skid-mark formula
- Skimmer
- SLAAC
- Slamfire
- Slant
- Slant change
- Slant drift
- SLE
- Slick-Sherman-Iverson criteria
- SLTD database
- Small quantity (NDPS)
- Smith v. Jones (1999)
- Smokeless propellant
- Smooth-bore firearm
- Smoothbore
- Smothering
- Smouldering combustion
- Snapshot chain
- Snow-print wax
- SNP
- SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)
- SNPforID consortium
- Sock puppet
- SOCO
- Soda-lime glass
- Sodium carbonate hand wash
- Sodium fluoride / potassium oxalate (grey-top tube)
- Sodium pentothal
- Sodium rhodizonate
- Sodium rhodizonate test
- Soft-tissue thickness
- Soil
- Soil horizon
- Soil texture
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE)
- Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)
- Solvent-loss dating
- Solvent-loss method
- Somatic (clinical) death
- Somatic death
- Soot (blackening)
- Soot horizon
- Soret band
- SORS
- SOTP
- Sound spectrograph
- Source-filter model
- Southern blot
- Spalling
- SPE
- Speaker profiling
- Special-category data (GDPR)
- Special Investigation Unit (SIU)
- Special measures (YJCEA 1999)
- Special Methylated Spirit (SMS / SDA)
- Speciation
- Species confirmation (DNA)
- Specific antidote
- Specific optical rotation ([α])
- Spectral cross-correlation
- Spectral matrix
- Spectrogram
- Specular reflection
- Spermatozoa
- SPF
- Spheroidal propellant particle
- Spin drift
- Spin-spin coupling (J)
- Split-sample protocol
- SPME
- Sporopollenin
- Spradley-Stull 2018 standardisation
- Sputter coating
- Squalene
- Squib
- Squib load
- SQUID
- SRM (Sex Offender Risk Management) framework
- Stab (punctured) wound
- Stable-2007
- STAFS
- Stage micrometer
- Staging
- Stalking Risk Profile (SRP)
- Stamped marking
- Stamping depth
- STANAG 2920
- Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs)
- Standard error of estimate (SEE)
- Standard or exemplar
- Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE)
- Stas-Otto method
- Stas-Otto procedure
- State FSL
- Stateful firewall
- Static-99R
- Static headspace
- Stationary phase
- Stature regression equation
- Statutory rape
- Steam distillation
- Steganography
- Stellate fracture
- Stellate laceration
- Stereo microscope
- Stereoscopic microscope
- Sternal rib end
- Stewart 1979 cut-offs
- Sticky end (cohesive end)
- Stimulant
- Stippling
- Stippling (tattooing)
- Stochastic effects
- Stochastic threshold (ST)
- Stokes and anti-Stokes lines
- Stokes settling formula
- Stokes shift
- Stokes shift (Raman)
- Stover-Ryan framework
- STR (short tandem repeat)
- Strained zone
- Stream cipher
- Stress-concentration factor (Kt)
- Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC)
- Striated mark
- Striation mark
- Striations
- Strict liability
- Stringency
- STRmix
- Stroke order
- Strontium isotope ratio (Sr-87/Sr-86)
- Strontium peroxide (SrO2)
- Structure from Motion (SfM)
- Structured-light projection
- Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ)
- Structured professional judgment (SPJ)
- Stutter (MPS)
- Stutter peak
- Sub-2 µm particle column
- Sub-adult sex problem
- Sub-class characteristic
- Sub-class characteristics
- Sub-pubic angle
- Sub-pubic concavity
- Subclass characteristics
- Subclass characteristics (footwear)
- Subject-matter jurisdiction
- Sublimation hazard
- Sublimation (TATP context)
- Subpubic angle
- Substrate interferent
- Suchey-Brooks system
- Sudan dyes (I-IV)
- Sudden cardiac death (SCD)
- Sudden death
- Sufficient quantity
- Suicide note
- SUID / SGID
- Sulphhaemoglobin (SHb)
- Sulphur mustard (HD)
- Superimposition
- Supernote
- Suppressed conductivity IC
- Supra-orbital margin
- Supreme Court of India
- Surface tension
- Suspicious transaction reporting
- Suzuki-Tsuchihashi classification
- SVP civil commitment
- SWGANTH
- SWGDAM
- SWGDE
- SWGDOC
- SWGDOC and other SWGs
- SWGDOC nine-point scale
- SWGDRUG
- SWGDRUG Category C
- SWGFAST
- SWGFEX
- SWGFEX Type C interferent list
- SWGGSR Guide (2011)
- SWGIT
- SWGMAT
- SWGMAT guidelines
- SWGTREAD
- Switch (trigger)
- Symmetric key
- Sympathetic ink
- Symptom amplification
- Syncope
- Synthetic fibre
- System suitability test
- System variables
T
- T-permit
- t-squared fire growth
- Takayama test
- Tamancha
- Tamper-evident seal
- Tamper-evident sealing
- Tamper-evident sticker
- Tandem MS (MS/MS)
- Tape lift
- Taphonomic modifier correction
- Taphonomy
- Taq polymerase
- Tarasoff duty
- Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1976)
- Tardieu spots
- Target-shifting
- Targeted vs opportunistic
- TATP (triacetone triperoxide)
- Tattooing (stippling)
- TCC.db
- TCP/IP stack
- TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival)
- Technical Capability Notice (TCN)
- Teichmann test
- Tele-forensics
- TEM
- Tempered glass
- Temporary cavity
- Terahertz (THz) radiation
- Terminal ballistics
- Terminus post quem
- Ternary diagram (Pb-Ba-Sb)
- Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)
- Territorial jurisdiction
- Terry Collection
- Tertiary blast injury
- Tertiary explosive (blasting agent)
- Tertiary transfer
- Test-fire envelope
- Test-fired control panels
- Test-firing programme
- Test mark
- Testamentary capacity
- Thallium (Tl)
- The Big Four
- Theoretical plate count (N)
- Therapeutic, toxic and lethal ranges
- Thermal desorption
- Thermal direct printer
- Thermal inkjet (bubble-jet)
- Thermal neutron
- Theta features
- Theta (FST) correction
- Thin-plate spline (TPS)
- Third molar variability
- Three-shot rule
- Three-tier perimeter
- Throat erosion
- THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS)
- Tideline
- Time-gated detection
- Time Machine
- Time-of-day analysis
- Time-of-flight (LIDAR)
- Timestomping
- Tin-side fluorescence
- TiO2 polymorph
- Tissue-depth method
- Titanium dioxide (TiO2)
- TLC and HPTLC
- TLC (Thin-Layer Chromatography)
- TNT equivalent
- Todd system
- TOF (Time-of-Flight)
- TOHTA 1994
- Tokenisation
- Tolerance
- TOMM
- Toner
- Tool mark
- Tooth set
- Total Body Score (TBS)
- Total ion chromatogram (TIC)
- Total station
- Total-station survey
- Total THC calculation
- Touch DNA
- Touch dynamics
- Toxalbumin / lectin
- Toxidrome
- TPI (teeth per inch)
- Trabecular (cancellous) bone
- Traceability and uncertainty
- Traceability rule
- Traced forgery
- Track Child
- Tracking Evidence (TE) database
- TRAI 24-hour cool-off
- Trailer evidence
- Trajectory reconstruction
- Trajectory rod
- Tranquillizer
- Transfer and persistence
- Transfer evidence
- Transient evidence
- Transmitted illumination
- Transmitted-light examination
- Transmitted-light photography
- Transonic regime
- TRAP-18 (Terrorist Radicalisation Assessment Protocol)
- TRAP-18 (Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol)
- Trap case
- Trapdoor function
- Trash mark
- Treadmate
- Treatment log
- Triangulation
- Triarylmethane dye
- TRIM
- Triple-risk model (SIDS)
- Tropane alkaloid
- Trophic enrichment factor
- Tropylium cation (m/z 91)
- Trotter and Gleser formulae
- Trotter-Gleser equations
- TrueAllele
- TSA timestamp (Timestamp Authority)
- TTVI (Thai Tsunami Victim Identification)
- Tungsten-halogen lamp
- Tungsten trioxide (WO3)
- Turner's reagent
- TWGFEX / SWGMAT
- TWI
- Two-finger test
- Two-zone model
- Tympanic membrane perforation (TMP)
- Type C interferent (E1618)
- Type II restriction endonuclease
- Typebar
- Typeface
- Typicality probability
- Typology
- Tyrosinase inhibition
U
- U-pattern
- UART
- UDI
- Uhlenhuth test (1901)
- UIDAI
- UIDAI Aadhaar biometric repository
- UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India)
- UKAS
- Ulery 2011 study
- Ulery et al. 2011
- Ultimate-issue rule
- ULTR (Uniform Language for Testimony and Reports)
- Ultramicrotome
- Ultrasonic cavitation
- UN Hazard Class 1
- UN Programme of Action (UN POA 2001)
- Underlying cause of death
- Undetermined cause
- Undetermined (NFPA 921)
- Undoing
- UNDRIP
- Uni-directional PMI narrowing
- Uni-directional workflow
- Unified Logging
- Uniform Determination of Death Act 1981 (UDDA)
- Unique Identifier (UI)
- Unlined metal can
- Unnatural death
- Unresolved complex mixture (UCM)
- Urea nitrate
- US v. Scheffer (1998)
- US v. Semrau (2010/2012)
- Usable bit fraction
- USDA Soil Taxonomy
- USDA texture triangle
- User Data directory
- UserAssist
- USN journal
- USSS Counterfeit Division
- USSS International Ink Library
- UV-A
- UV-C
- UV fluorescence examination
- UV fluorescence photography
- UV-fluorescent ink
- UV reflectance imaging
V
- V-pattern
- Vacuum metal deposition (VMD)
- Validation
- Validity
- Value
- Vapour loss
- Vapour-phase IR spectrum
- Varnish
- VBIED
- VBIED / SBBIED
- VBIED (vehicle-borne improvised explosive device)
- VCF
- Velocity of detonation (VoD)
- Venom ELISA
- Ventilation-controlled fire
- Ventilation factor
- Ventral arc
- Ventricular fibrillation
- VERA-2R (Violent Extremism Risk Assessment)
- VeraCrypt hidden volume
- Verbal likelihood ratio (VLR)
- Verbal LR scale
- Verbal scale
- Verification
- Verification (1:1)
- Verification phase
- Vertebral osteophyte
- VHDX
- ViCAP
- VICC
- ViCLAS
- Victim-blaming
- Victim-offender relationship (VOR)
- Victim-operated switch (VOS)
- Victimology
- Video Spectral Comparator (VSC)
- Video superimposition
- Villela's reagent
- Vineland-3
- VIPER system
- Virtopsy (virtual autopsy)
- Virtual origin
- Viscera
- Visualising reagent
- Vital reaction
- Vital sign of burn
- Vital zone
- Vitali-Morin test
- Vitreous humour
- Vitreous humour potassium
- Vitreous sodium
- VM snapshot
- VMDK
- VNTR
- VNTR (variable number tandem repeat)
- Vogeley 2002 protocol
- Voice Onset Time (VOT)
- Voice spectrogram (sonogram)
- Voiceprint
- Void pantograph
- Volar pad
- Volatile evidence
- Volatility 3
- Volume of distribution (Vd)
- Volume Shadow Copy
- Volume Shadow Copy (VSS)
- Vomitus jar
- VR scene reconstruction
- VRAG-R
- VSC
- VSC-8000
- VSC (Video Spectral Comparator)
- VX
W
- W v. Edgell (1990)
- WAIS-IV
- WAL
- Walker 2005 scale
- Walker 2008 five-trait scoring
- Walker test
- Wallner lines
- Wallner lines and hackle marks
- WANDA
- Warehouse clearance arson
- Washerwoman hands
- Water-jet disruptor
- Watermark
- Watson-Crick base pairing
- Wave-particle duality
- Wavenumber
- Wavenumber (cm^-1)
- Wavenumber (cm⁻¹)
- WAVR-21
- WCCB
- WDXRF
- Weapon focus effect
- Weathering
- Weathering (evaporative)
- Wedge fracture
- Wedge problem
- Welfare of the child (paramount consideration)
- Western blot (protein immunoblot)
- Wet-bath simulator
- Wet digestion
- Wet drowning
- White balance
- Whorl
- Wide-mouthed bottle
- Widmark factor (rho / r)
- Widmark formula
- WII Dehradun
- Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 (WLPA)
- Willed-body donation
- Winchester Ranger T-Series
- Wind drift
- Windowed security thread
- Wischnewski spots
- Within-expert contradiction
- Within-scene variability
- Within-source variation
- Witness mark
- WMS-IV
- Wolff's law
- World Reference Base (WRB)
- Wormian bones
- Wound
- Wound ballistics
- Write blocker
- Write-once media
- Writer verification
- wtmp / utmp / btmp