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Forensic science, by subject.

Notes, mocks and Q&A for every forensic-science subject. Pick where you're stuck and start there.

Core disciplines

The disciplines that anchor every curriculum

Crime Scene Management

Scene securing, documentation, search and processing, chain of custody, reconstruction, pattern evidence, medico-legal and profiling — six modules end to end.

49 topicsOpen

Digital Forensics

Hardware and OS artefacts, network and mobile forensics, cloud and IoT, plus the cryptography a working digital forensic examiner relies on.

36 topicsOpen

Forensic Toxicology

Poison classification and Indian poison law, sample matrices, classical and modern extraction, chromatography and spectrometry, major classes of poisons, and the specialised matrices and natural poisons that drive Indian medico-legal work.

24 topicsOpen

Instrumental Techniques

Atomic and molecular spectra, the optical / atomic / X-ray / chromatographic / mass-spec / magnetic-resonance / microscopy / radiochemistry families, hyphenated workflows and the ISO 17025 quality regime, end to end.

20 topicsOpen

UGC-NET Forensic Science

Exam-prep notes for UGC-NET Paper 2 (subject code 82, Forensic Science). Mapped one-to-one to NTA's 10 syllabus units, with verbatim syllabus anchors and PYQ pointers.

79 topicsOpen

Forensic Physics

Instrumentation, pattern evidence, math + statistics, voice + video analysis, criminalistics, collision investigation.

33 topicsOpen

Forensic Chemistry

Spectroscopy, chromatography, drug analysis, fire-debris and explosive residues, trace chemistry.

32 topicsOpen

Forensic Biology

Body-fluid identification, hair + fibre microscopy, DNA pipeline (STR, mtDNA, Y-STR), entomology.

1 topicOpen

Cyber Forensics

Disk imaging, file-system artefacts, memory + network forensics, mobile + cloud + email evidence, IT Act.

1 topicOpen

Forensic Ballistics

Internal, external and terminal ballistics, comparative microscopy, gunshot residue, wound channel reconstruction.

33 topicsOpen

Fingerprint Sciences

Pattern classification, ridge characteristics, AFIS, latent print development, comparison and identification.

30 topicsOpen

Questioned Document

Handwriting comparison, ink and paper analysis, alterations, signatures, typescript and printer attribution.

25 topicsOpen

Forensic Medicine

Death investigation, postmortem changes, injury interpretation, sexual-assault medicolegal, forensic toxicopathology.

33 topicsOpen

Forensic Anthropology

Skeletal identification, sex / age / ancestry estimation, stature reconstruction, trauma analysis on bone.

31 topicsOpen

Forensic Psychology

Criminal profiling, polygraph, narco-analysis, brain mapping, eyewitness testimony, courtroom psychology.

33 topicsOpen

Fundamentals

2 subjects

Basics of Forensic Science

Definitions, history, scope, principles of forensic science, branches and the role of the forensic scientist.

30 topicsOpen

Crime and Society

Theories of crime, criminology basics, victimology, juvenile delinquency, social context of crime in India.

26 topicsOpen

Applied disciplines

15 subjects

Forensic Law

BSA / IPC sections, expert witness, chain of custody, admissibility of scientific evidence in Indian courts.

26 topicsOpen

Forensic Statistics

The statistics of evidence evaluation: probability, match probabilities, the likelihood ratio, Bayesian reasoning, fallacies, and how strength of evidence is reported.

20 topicsOpen

Forensic Immunology

The immunological science behind forensic testing: antigens and antibodies, blood groups, immunoassays, species identification, and relationship testing.

18 topicsOpen

Forensic Serology

Blood and body-fluid identification, ABO + MNS grouping, secretor status, presumptive + confirmatory tests.

25 topicsOpen

Forensic Odontology

Forensic dentistry: dental identification, bite-mark analysis, age estimation from teeth, rugoscopy and cheiloscopy, mass-disaster DVI, and the field's quality standards.

29 topicsOpen

Forensic Entomology

Insects in death investigation: decomposition and succession, postmortem interval estimation, collection and rearing, entomotoxicology, molecular ID, and courtroom interpretation.

27 topicsOpen

Forensic Accounting and Financial Forensics

The discipline of investigating financial crime: fraud examination, money laundering, asset tracing, financial-statement manipulation, digital evidence in financial cases, and the forensic accountant's role in litigation and regulatory proceedings.

26 topicsOpen

Forensic Archaeology

Forensic archaeology applies excavation science, geophysical survey, and systematic recording to the search, location, and recovery of buried or concealed remains and evidence. It provides the field methodology that bridges crime scene investigation and laboratory analysis of recovered material.

29 topicsOpen

Forensic Botany and Palynology

Plant evidence in legal investigation: morphological identification, pollen and spore analysis, diatom testing in drowning cases, wood anatomy and dendrochronology, plant DNA barcoding, and the use of vegetation to estimate postmortem interval and grave age.

29 topicsOpen

Forensic Engineering

The engineering discipline that investigates why structures, machines, products, and materials fail. Covers failure analysis methodology, fractography, metallurgical and materials failure, structural collapse, fire and electrical failure, explosion and pressure-vessel analysis, product liability, vehicle and transport accident reconstruction, and root-cause analysis standards, from the wreckage to the witness box.

31 topicsOpen

Forensic Geology and Geoforensics

Forensic geology uses earth materials — soils, sediments, minerals, rocks, and fluids — as physical evidence. It encompasses soil comparison, geochemical and mineralogical analysis, isotopic provenance, search geophysics for buried objects and clandestine graves, terrain analysis, remote sensing, and the use of building materials and microfossils in establishing the provenance of objects and linking suspects to scenes.

27 topicsOpen

Forensic Linguistics

Language as evidence: authorship attribution, stylometry, threatening and ransom note analysis, the language of the law, discourse in police interviews and courtrooms, plagiarism detection, trademark disputes, online grooming, and the emerging challenge of AI-generated text.

26 topicsOpen

Forensic Nursing

The nurse at the intersection of healthcare and the law: sexual assault examination, evidence collection from the living, injury documentation, vulnerable-population care, and the courtroom.

19 topicsOpen

Forensic Audio, Video and Image Analysis

Multimedia forensics covers the authentication and analysis of recorded media: digital images, video, and audio. It provides the scientific and technical methods for detecting forgery, identifying source devices, recovering intelligence from degraded recordings, and presenting media evidence in legal proceedings.

28 topicsOpen

Wildlife Forensics

The forensic science of crimes against protected species: species identification by morphology and DNA, the illegal wildlife trade, CITES enforcement, poaching scene investigation, and specialist casework on ivory, rhino horn, pangolin scales, and timber.

30 topicsOpen

Cyber & multimedia

2 subjects

Multimedia Authentication and Deepfake Forensics

Image and video authentication, audio analysis, deepfake detection, codec artefacts, ENF timestamping.

2 topicsOpen

Mobile and Network Forensics

Mobile-device extraction, cellular forensics, packet capture, protocol analysis, intrusion artefacts.

5 topicsOpen

Security & compliance

2 subjects

Incident Response and Management

Incident triage, containment, eradication, recovery. Timeline analysis, root-cause and lessons-learned cycles.

16 topicsOpen

Information Security Audit and Compliance

ISO 27001, NIST, PCI-DSS frameworks. Audit trails, gap analysis, risk assessment, control testing.

9 topicsOpen

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