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Incomplete Combustion

Definition

Oxidation of fuel under oxygen-limited conditions, producing carbon monoxide and soot (particulate carbon) rather than the complete combustion products CO2 and H2O. Dominant in ventilation-limited compartment fires.

Related terms

ASTM E1188
Standard Practice for Collection and Preservation of Information and Physical Items by a Technical Investigator, the companion evidence-preservation standard to NFPA 921...
Backdraft
A deflagration event triggered when air is suddenly admitted to a compartment where a fire has been oxygen-depleted but has continued to...
Equivalence Ratio
The ratio of actual fuel-to-air ratio to the stoichiometric fuel-to-air ratio. An equivalence ratio above 1 (fuel-rich) produces CO, soot, and unburned...
Fire Tetrahedron
The model of sustained combustion requiring four concurrent elements: fuel, oxidiser, heat, and an uninhibited radical chain reaction. Replacing the older fire...
Flashover
The near-simultaneous ignition of all exposed combustible surfaces in a compartment, occurring when the upper gas layer reaches approximately 600°C and radiative...
Levoglucosan
1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucopyranose, a diagnostic pyrolysis product of cellulose (wood, cotton, paper) produced above approximately 250°C. Used in atmospheric chemistry as a biomass-burning tracer...
Negative Corpus
The discredited practice of concluding incendiary fire cause by eliminating all identifiable accidental causes without positive physical evidence of intentional fire-setting. NFPA...
NFPA 921
US National Fire Protection Association Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations. The internationally accepted methodology Indian fire investigators and SFSL fire divisions...
Pyrolysis
The thermal decomposition of cellulose in paper at approximately 150 to 300 degrees Celsius, disrupting glycosidic bonds and releasing water and carbon...

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