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Formate (formic acid)

The terminal toxic metabolite of methanol oxidation (HCOO-, pKa 3.7). Formate inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial complex IV), causing optic nerve and basal ganglia necrosis; it also drives severe anion-gap metabolic acidosis as it accumulates.

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Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)Anion-gap metabolic acidosisCongener fingerprintingFomepizole (4-methylpyrazole)FSSAI methanol limitHaemodialysis in methanol poisoningLatency periodPyridineVitreous humour

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