Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis

Related terms

Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)

The hepatic enzyme (isoforms ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C) that catalyses the first oxidation step of both ethanol (to acetaldehyde) and methanol (to formaldehyde)...

Congener Fingerprinting

The use of the full volatile congener profile (fusel alcohols, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, pyridine, MIBK) in illicit liquor samples to establish batch...

Fomepizole (4-Methylpyrazole)

A specific competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase (Ki approximately 0.1 µM), used as the preferred antidote for methanol poisoning in high-resource settings....

Formate (Formic Acid)

The terminal toxic metabolite of methanol oxidation (HCOO-, pKa 3.7). Formate inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial complex IV), causing optic nerve and...

FSSAI Methanol Limit

Under India's Food Safety and Standards (Alcoholic Beverages) Regulations 2018, the maximum methanol content permitted in legally produced and sold spirits is...

Haemodialysis in Methanol Poisoning

The most efficient treatment for removing both methanol and formate from circulation and correcting severe metabolic acidosis. The EXTRIP workgroup (US) and...

Latency Period

The 12-24 hour window between methanol ingestion and onset of severe symptoms (visual disturbance, metabolic acidosis), during which the patient may appear...

Pyridine

An aromatic nitrogen heterocycle used as a secondary denaturant in Indian denatured spirit formulations (at 1-2% v/v). Its presence in a headspace...

Vitreous Humour

The gel-filled interior of the eye, anatomically isolated from hepatic and gastric post-mortem redistribution sources. In forensic toxicology of hooch deaths, vitreous...

Explained in

• Methanol, Hooch Tragedies and Illicit Liquor ChemistryThe metabolic acid-base disorder produced by accumulating formate in methanol poisoning. The anion gap (Na+ - [Cl- + HCO3-], normal 8-12 mEq/L) rises as format...