BSA 2023
Definition
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023: the Indian evidence statute that replaced the Indian Evidence Act 1872 on 1 July 2024; retains the section 45/s.39 expert opinion framework while introducing new digital evidence provisions relevant to AFIS records and electronic forensic reports.
- Year enacted
- 2023
- Effective date
- 1 July 2024
- Statute structure
- 170 sections across 12 chapters
- Replaced
- Indian Evidence Act 1872
Common questions
What is BSA 2023 and when did it come into effect?+
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 is India's evidence statute that replaced the Indian Evidence Act of 1872. It became effective on 1 July 2024 and contains 170 sections organized into 12 chapters.
How does BSA 2023 apply to electronic and digital evidence?+
Section 63 of BSA 2023 governs the admissibility of electronic records in court. This is critical for forensic work involving AFIS records, audio recordings, and other digital forensic reports that may be presented as evidence.
What changed about expert testimony under the new law?+
BSA 2023 retains the expert opinion framework from the earlier statute, now placed at section 39, allowing forensic experts to give opinion evidence on specialized findings. The statute does not prescribe discipline-specific terminology for expert reports.
Related terms
- BNS 2023
- Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Act 45 of 2023. India's substantive criminal code with effect from 1 July 2024. Contains 358 sections in...
- Daubert Standard
- The US federal evidentiary standard (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 1993) requiring that expert testimony be based on scientifically valid methods with...
- Admission vs Confession
- Admission is a statement suggesting an inference about a fact in issue; confession is a direct acknowledgment of guilt. Sections 16 to...
- Black-Box Study
- A study in which qualified examiners are given realistic test cases with known ground truth and asked to make decisions under conditions...
- BNSS 2023
- Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, the statute that replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure. It introduced a mandatory forensic-scene-visit requirement for offences...
- Burden of Proof
- The obligation to prove a fact or claim. In criminal law the prosecution typically bears the burden; in civil law the claimant...
- CrimPR Part 19
- Criminal Procedure Rules Part 19 (England and Wales): the expert-witness procedural code requiring disclosure of qualifications, methodology, limitations, and whether the method...
- Culpable Homicide
- BNS Section 100. The genus offence; murder under Section 101 is the species when one of four enumerated conditions is met.
- Dual Charging
- The Indian cyber FIR practice of adding both an IT Act section and a BNS section for the same act, so each...
- Electronic Record Certificate (Section 63 BSA)
- Statutory certificate required for admissibility of a copy of an electronic record; the successor to IEA Section 65B.
- ENF (Electrical Network Frequency)
- The instantaneous frequency of the mains electricity supply (nominally 50 or 60 Hz), which drifts continuously and uniquely with time and is...
- ENFSI FSAAWG
- European Network of Forensic Science Institutes Forensic Speech and Audio Analysis Working Group; publishes EU-standard guidelines for audio forensics, speaker comparison, and...
Explained in these topics
- Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023: A Forensic Student's MapBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, the evidence statute that replaced the Indian Evidence Act 1872. Section 63 governs admissibility of electronic records.
- Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023: Forensic Evidence in CourtBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023; the law of evidence that replaced IEA 1872 from 1 July 2024. 170 sections, 12 chapters.
- BNS 2023 Cyber Provisions and BSA 2023 Electronic EvidenceBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, the evidence statute that replaced the Indian Evidence Act 1872 from 1 July 2024. 170 sections, 12 chapters.
- Expert Testimony and the 2009 NAS Critique of Fingerprint IDThe Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, which replaced the Indian Evidence Act 1872; governs the admissibility of expert opinions in Indian courts under section...
- Forensic Acoustics and Gunshot Acoustic AnalysisBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023; the Indian evidence statute that replaces the Indian Evidence Act 1872, governing admissibility of electronic records includi...
- Standards, Accreditation and Admissibility in Fingerprint EvidenceBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023: the Indian evidence statute that replaced the Indian Evidence Act 1872 on 1 July 2024; retains the section 45/s.39 expert opi...