VERA-2R (Violent Extremism Risk Assessment)
Definition
Structured professional judgement instrument by Elaine Pressman and John Flockton (2010, revised) for known extremist individuals in contact with the justice or security system. Assesses five domains: beliefs and attitudes, context and intent, history and action, commitment and motivation, and protective factors.
- Authors
- Elaine Pressman and John Flockton
- First published
- 2010, later revised
- Type
- Structured professional judgement instrument
- Domains
- Beliefs/attitudes, context/intent, history/action, commitment/motivation, protective factors
Common questions
Who is VERA-2R designed to be used on, and by whom?+
It is intended for individuals already known to be involved in extremist activity and in contact with the justice or security system, and it is applied by trained assessors such as forensic psychologists or specialised risk-assessment staff, not as a general screening tool for the public.
How does VERA-2R's structured professional judgement approach differ from an actuarial risk tool?+
Rather than producing a single numerical score from fixed statistical weightings, VERA-2R guides the assessor through a structured set of risk and protective indicators and asks them to form an overall professional judgement, which allows case-specific context to be weighed alongside the standardised factors.
Related terms
- BNS § 113 and UAPA
- BNS 2023 § 113 creates the general criminal offence of terrorist act in India. The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 1967 (as amended...
- Channel Programme (UK)
- The referral and multi-agency assessment pathway within UK Prevent. Any public-sector professional can refer an individual; a Channel panel assesses vulnerability and...
- Disengagement vs Deradicalisation
- Disengagement: ceasing to participate in extremist activity without necessarily changing underlying beliefs. Deradicalisation: changing the beliefs and identity constructs that motivated extremism....
- Leakage
- Intentional or unintentional communication of intent to commit violence to a third party. One of TRAP-18's eight proximal warning behaviours and the...
- McCauley-Moskalenko Two-Pyramid Model
- Conceptual framework (Friction, 2011) distinguishing the opinion pyramid (distribution of extreme views) from the action pyramid (distribution of extremist behaviour). The two...
- TRAP-18 (Terrorist Radicalisation Assessment Protocol)
- 18-indicator structured professional judgement instrument by Reid Meloy, Roshdi, Guldimann and Hoffmann (2014). Distinguishes 8 proximal warning behaviours (leakage, pathway, fixation, novel...