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Triphenylmethane Dye

Definition

A class of synthetic dyes built around a central carbon bonded to three phenyl groups. Members include malachite green, crystal violet, and fuchsin. Many are electrochromic, existing in both coloured and colourless redox states.

Structure
Central carbon bonded to three phenyl groups
Members
Malachite green, crystal violet, fuchsin
Property
Electrochromic, coloured and colourless redox states
Forensic link
Basis of the leucomalachite green presumptive blood test

Common questions

How does the electrochromic property of triphenylmethane dyes make the leucomalachite green test work?+

The leuco (colourless, reduced) form of the dye is oxidised by haemoglobin's peroxidase-like activity in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, converting it to the coloured form, so a colour change signals a presumptive positive for blood.

Does a positive triphenylmethane-dye based blood test confirm the stain is human blood?+

No. These are presumptive tests that react to peroxidase-like activity from many sources, including some plant materials and animal blood, so a positive result must be followed by a confirmatory and species-specific test.

Related terms

Cross-Checking
The practice of running two different presumptive tests on adjacent cuttings from the same stain. Concordant results (both positive or both negative)...
Leucomalachite Green (LMG)
The reduced, colourless form of malachite green. It is oxidised to the coloured malachite green form by active oxygen released when haemoglobin...
Malachite Green
A synthetic triphenylmethane dye with an intense blue-green colour in its oxidised form. It is a common industrial dye and the coloured...
Presumptive Colour Test
Any rapid field or laboratory test that produces a colour change in the presence of a target substance. Positive results are indicative,...
Substrate Control
A sample of the unstained surface material from an area adjacent to a body fluid stain, collected alongside the stain and processed...

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