Lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay
Definition
A rapid, single-use immunoassay format in which sample extract migrates along a nitrocellulose membrane past a detection zone loaded with antigen-specific antibody conjugated to colloidal gold. A visible coloured line forms at the test zone if the target antigen is present above the detection threshold.
Related terms
- ABAcard p30
- A lateral-flow immunochromatographic strip manufactured by Abacus Diagnostics and validated by the Scientific Working Group for DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) for forensic...
- Azoospermia
- The absence of spermatozoa from ejaculated semen, resulting from obstructive causes (vasectomy, ductal blockage) or non-obstructive causes (testicular failure). Azoospermic semen contains...
- Cross-reactivity
- The capacity of an antibody raised against one analyte to bind structurally related compounds. In RIA, cross-reactivity is the main driver of...
- HemaTrace ABAcard
- A lateral-flow device from Abacus Diagnostics that uses an anti-human haemoglobin monoclonal antibody. It is the most widely validated immunological blood confirmatory...
- Monoclonal antibody
- An antibody produced from a single B-cell clone, recognising a single specific epitope. In forensic species identification, monoclonal antibodies offer higher specificity...
- Prozone (hook) effect
- A false-negative agglutination result caused by antibody excess. When antibody molecules outnumber antigen sites, each site is occupied by a single antibody...
- PSA / p30
- Prostate-specific antigen, a kallikrein-family serine protease secreted by prostatic epithelium. Present in seminal plasma at 0.5 to 2 mg/mL. The standard confirmatory...
- RSID-Blood
- Rapid Stain Identification of Blood, a lateral-flow strip from Independent Forensics that also targets human haemoglobin. Functionally equivalent to HemaTrace in principle;...
- RSID-Saliva
- Rapid Stain Identification of Saliva. An immunochromatographic lateral-flow assay using monoclonal antibodies specific to human salivary amylase. More specific than Phadebas, with...
- Salivary alpha-amylase
- An enzyme (EC 3.2.1.1) secreted by the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Digests starch and is present in saliva at concentrations of...
Explained in these topics
- Immunological Confirmatory Tests for Human BloodA format in which a liquid sample migrates along a nitrocellulose membrane by capillary action past zones containing antibodies. A colour change at the test li...
- Immunological Identification of Semen and SalivaA rapid, single-use immunoassay format in which sample extract migrates along a nitrocellulose membrane past a detection zone loaded with antigen-specific anti...