Known Sample
Definition
A reference specimen whose source is established and documented. In a comparison, the known provides the target against which the questioned item is measured.
- Also called
- Reference specimen, exemplar, standard
- Source status
- Established and documented
- Paired with
- Questioned (Q) sample
- Used in
- Comparative examinations across forensic disciplines
Common questions
What separates a known sample from a control?+
A known sample is the actual reference material tied to a verified source used for the comparison itself, while a control is run alongside to check the method is working, such as a blank or a certified standard.
What weakens the value of a known sample?+
Poor documentation of its collection, degradation before analysis, or too small a quantity to represent the source's natural variation all reduce how confidently it can anchor a comparison.
Related terms
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- Individuality
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- Individualization
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- Questioned Item
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