Forensic Database
Definition
A searchable repository of DNA profiles, fingerprints, images, or other forensic data from known individuals, crime scenes, or both. Includes national DNA databases (CODIS in the US, NDNAD in the UK), automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS), and facial recognition databases.
- Data types
- DNA profiles, fingerprints, images, other biometric data
- US DNA example
- CODIS
- UK DNA example
- NDNAD
- Fingerprint example
- AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System)
Common questions
How does a search against a forensic database differ from a direct comparison?+
A direct comparison checks one known sample against one questioned sample. A database search screens a questioned profile against thousands or millions of stored profiles to generate candidate matches, which are then confirmed by an examiner using the direct comparison methods for that discipline.
What is the main controversy around expanding these databases?+
Debate centres on who gets included, such as arrestees versus only convicted offenders, how long records are retained, and the risk of false matches or privacy harm growing as database size and the population searched increases.
Related terms
- Familial Searching
- The deliberate use of partial DNA profile matches in a forensic database to identify biological relatives of an unknown contributor, on the...
- Machine Learning (Forensic Application)
- Statistical models trained on labelled forensic datasets to score or classify pattern evidence, such as fingerprints, toolmarks, or faces. Produces quantified similarity...
- Portable/field Instrument
- A handheld or transportable analytical device, such as a Raman spectrometer, XRF analyser, or rapid-DNA cartridge system, designed for use outside a...
- Probabilistic Genotyping
- Software-based interpretation of complex DNA electropherograms using continuous statistical models (e.g. STRmix, TrueAllele, ArmedXpert). Generates a likelihood ratio for complex mixtures previously...
- Rapid DNA
- Automated, self-contained DNA analysis instruments that produce a full STR profile from a buccal swab in approximately 90 minutes without requiring a...