FaceLab

Related terms

Delta-C-13

The ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in a biological sample, expressed relative to a standard (VPDB). Distinguishes C3 plant diets (wheat, rice;...

Delta-N-15

The ratio of nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14, expressed relative to atmospheric nitrogen. Increases by approximately 3-4 per mil with each step up the...

Gerasimov Method

The Russian anatomical facial approximation technique developed by Mikhail Gerasimov from the 1930s, in which the facial muscles are individually reconstructed on...

Isoscape

A map of isotope ratio variation across a geographic area, derived from systematic sampling of soil, water, plant, or mineral material; used...

Manchester Method (IFRG)

The combined-anatomy facial approximation protocol developed by Richard Neave and systematised by Caroline Wilkinson (2004, 2010), which reconstructs masticatory muscles anatomically and...

Operation Hammerhead (Adam Case)

The Metropolitan Police investigation (2001-ongoing) into the murder of an unidentified Nigerian child whose torso was recovered from the River Thames in...

Strontium Isotope Ratio (Sr-87/Sr-86)

The ratio of radiogenic strontium-87 to stable strontium-86 in a geological or biological sample, which reflects the age and composition of the...

Tissue-Depth Method

The American facial approximation technique (Krogman, Iscan) in which tissue-depth pegs are placed at standardised landmarks using population-mean depth data from cadaver...

Trophic Enrichment Factor

The per-mil increase in delta-N-15 per trophic level in the food chain, approximately 3-4 per mil. A marine fish consumer has a...

Explained in

• Forensic Facial Approximation and Stable-Isotope Geographic ProvenanceThe digital facial approximation software developed at the University of Manchester and extended at Liverpool John Moores University by Caroline Wilkinson's gr...