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CFA Phase

Definition

The spatial offset of the CFA mosaic pattern in an image. Pasting a region from a different image or after a non-CFA-aligned crop can introduce a phase shift that breaks the expected periodic pattern.

Definition
Spatial offset of the CFA mosaic pattern
Disrupted by
Pasting or misaligned cropping
Detection use
Splicing and forgery detection
Underlying pattern
Typically Bayer RGGB
Related concept
CFA inconsistency detection

Common questions

Why does a one-pixel crop offset matter for CFA phase analysis?+

The CFA pattern repeats on a fixed small grid, commonly two by two pixels, so shifting a pasted region by even a single pixel relative to that grid misaligns its phase from the surrounding image, producing a detectable seam in the demosaicing statistics.

Can CFA phase analysis be defeated?+

Yes, a sufficiently careful forger who resamples or re-renders a spliced region to match the target image's CFA grid can reduce or eliminate the phase discontinuity, which is why phase analysis is normally used alongside other tamper-detection methods, not alone.

Related terms

Camera Noise Model
A mathematical description of a sensor's noise as a function of signal level, combining signal-dependent shot noise and signal-independent readout noise. The...
CFA (Colour Filter Array)
The mosaic of colour filters placed over a sensor so that each photosite captures one colour channel. The Bayer pattern (RGGB arrangement)...
Demosaicing
The algorithm used to interpolate full-colour pixel values from the single-channel raw sensor data. Common methods include bilinear interpolation, gradient-based algorithms (AHD,...
Noise Residual
The signal remaining after a denoising filter removes the scene component from an image. For PRNU estimation, the residual approximates the sum...
Steganography
Concealing one file inside another in a way that hides the existence of the hidden file. LSB image manipulation, JPEG DCT coefficient...

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