BSA Section 39
Definition
The expert-opinion provision in India’s Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023; distinct from section 79.
Related terms
- Code-Switching
- Shifting between different registers or even different languages within an interaction, often as a signal of role or authority. An interviewer who...
- DyViS Corpus
- A controlled corpus of 100 male SSBE speakers aged 18–25, not a sample representing every English-speaking population.
- Formant
- A resonance peak in the acoustic spectrum of speech, produced by the shape of the vocal tract. The first three formants (F1,...
- IAFPA
- International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics: the primary professional body for forensic phoneticians and audio analysts, which publishes guidelines on speaker...
- Lexical Tone
- Use of pitch-related patterns to distinguish lexical meanings. Realisation depends on phonetic and prosodic context.
- Likelihood Ratio
- A statistical expression of the strength of evidence: how much more probable the observed findings are if the prosecution's hypothesis is true...
- Long-Term Average Spectrum (LTAS)
- A spectrum averaged over a recording interval; it depends on speech material and recording conditions and is not automatically language-independent.
- Praat
- Speech-analysis software whose outputs depend on the chosen procedure, parameters and recording. Tracking should be checked, not accepted as ground truth.
- Voice Onset Time (VOT)
- Time from stop release to voicing onset; it can be positive or negative. Meaningful comparisons require phonetic context.