Likelihood Ratio
Definition
The probability of observations under one specified proposition divided by their probability under another, conditional on the stated information. A likelihood ratio compares how probable the observations are under specified propositions.
- Context
- Evidence evaluation
Related terms
- Activity-Level Evaluation
- Evaluation directed at competing accounts of actions, using relevant circumstances and data. An activity question concerns actions, such as direct contact or...
- Analytical Agreement
- Samples were not distinguished by the specified methods and comparison criteria. Agreement and failure to discriminate must be described at the method’s...
- Assignment Model
- A method assessing a specimen against candidate reference populations under specified assumptions. A model compares genetic observations with candidate reference populations. Its...
- Body Movement Inference
- An assessment of possible movement requiring separate support beyond a specimen’s genetic similarity to a reference group. Insect findings may be compared...
- BSA Section 39
- The expert-opinion provision of India’s Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, relevant subject to the law applicable to the proceedings. It differs from the...
- Code-Switching
- Alternation between languages or varieties within speech or discourse. Annotation can identify comparable segments and explain context-dependent variation. Switching does not itself...
- Cross-Examination
- Questioning of a witness by the opposing party. For an expert, cross-examination probes qualifications, methodology, the basis of opinions, limitations, inconsistencies with...
- Daubert Gatekeeping
- The judicial function under Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993) and Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 702, requiring the trial judge to...
- Dispersion
- In optics, dispersion describes how refractive behaviour varies with wavelength. This relationship can contribute to material examination when illumination and measurement conditions...
- DyViS Corpus
- The Dynamic Variability in Speech corpus developed for forensic phonetic research, with 100 male Standard Southern British English speakers aged 18–25 undertaking...
- Examination-in-Chief
- The questioning of a witness by the party who called them. For an expert, this is typically limited because the substance is...
- Expert's Duty to the Court
- The overriding obligation, recognised in common law and many civil law systems, that the expert's evidence must be honest, independent, and complete,...
Explained in these topics
- Forensic Phonetics: Multi-Language and Cross-Linguistic CaseworkThe relative likelihood of defined observations under two specified competing propositions and relevant conditioning information. Speaker-comparison interpreta...
- Glass Comparison: RI, Density and LA-ICP-MSRatio of probabilities of specified evidence under stated competing propositions.
- Interpreting Biological Evidence in CourtA ratio comparing probabilities of findings under two specified propositions.
- Population Genetics and Geographic Origin from InsectsA comparison of the probabilities of observations under specified propositions, not their posterior probabilities.
- Preparing to Testify as a Forensic ExpertA statistical expression of the strength of evidence: how much more probable the observed findings are if the prosecution's hypothesis is true than if the defe...
- Refractive Index: Becke Line, GRIM and Mettler Hot StageRatio of probabilities of the findings under stated competing propositions, not a posterior probability of source.