BSA 2023 Section 63
Definition
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 63 (the successor to Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act 1872): the electronic-record certificate that authenticates digital photographs, video and other computer-output evidence for court admission.
- Applies to
- Electronic records, surveillance video, digital photographs, and computer-generated evidence
- Predecessor
- Indian Evidence Act Section 65B (replaced by BSA 2023)
Common questions
What is BSA 2023 Section 63 and when do I need it?+
Section 63 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 is the legal rule for admitting electronic records, including DVR footage and digital photographs, as evidence in court. You need a Section 63 certificate from the person responsible for the recording device to authenticate that evidence.
How does Section 63 relate to the old evidence rule?+
Section 63 is the successor to Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act 1872. BSA 2023 replaced the earlier statute, and Section 63 now governs how electronic and computer-output records are certified and presented in court.
Who provides the Section 63 certificate?+
The person responsible for operating or maintaining the recording device (DVR, NVR, camera, phone, computer) provides the certificate. They certify that the digital evidence is authentic and unaltered.
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- DVR
- Digital Video Recorder. Takes analog feeds from CCTV cameras over coax (BNC), digitises them inside the unit, and writes to internal HDDs....
- H.264 (AVC)
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- NVR
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- Photographic Triad Shot Count
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- Proprietary DVR File System
- A vendor-specific on-disk layout, neither FAT nor NTFS nor ext4. Records are stored as fixed-size segment files in a ring buffer with...
- RAW Capture
- Lossless sensor-data file format (Nikon NEF, Canon CR2/CR3, Sony ARW). Preserves the unprocessed image for evidentiary integrity, allows non-destructive white-balance and exposure...
Explained in these topics
- DVR/NVR and Surveillance System ForensicsThe Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam provision (successor to IEA Section 65B) governing admissibility of electronic records. A DVR image produced in court needs a S...
- Forensic Photography: Types and ApplicationsBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 63 (the successor to Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act 1872): the electronic-record certificate that authenticate...