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BNSS 2023 § 54

The Indian statutory provision governing identification parades, replacing CrPC § 9. Requires the parade to be held before a magistrate with persons of similar appearance. Does not yet incorporate explicit requirements for blind administration or unbiased instructions.

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Double-blind administrationFunctional sizeMust-be-there biasRelative judgementSequential lineupSimultaneous lineupVIPER system

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