New DNA Screening Method Could Help Forensic Labs Identify Male Biological Evidence Faster

Researchers in South Korea have developed a rapid DNA screening method that could help forensic laboratories identify male biological material without requiring a separate DNA extraction step.

The study, published in the November 2026 issue of Analytical Sciences, introduces an extraction-free testing approach designed to improve the initial examination of biological evidence, particularly in sexual assault investigations. The research was first published online on September 3, 2026.

In forensic investigations, biological samples often contain DNA from multiple individuals. Identifying whether male DNA is present can help laboratories prioritize evidence for further examination, reducing unnecessary testing and improving casework efficiency.

The researchers developed a method using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences at a constant temperature.

Unlike conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) workflows, LAMP does not require repeated temperature cycling. This makes it potentially suitable for simpler and more accessible screening systems.

The new approach targets the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, which is commonly used as a marker for male-associated DNA. It also includes the HLA-DRA gene as an internal control to help confirm the presence of human DNA.

The platform combines three detection approaches: visible colour changes, real-time monitoring, and immunochromatographic test strips.

For forensic laboratories, the main advantage is the possibility of screening samples before committing resources to more extensive DNA profiling.

However, identifying a Y-chromosome marker does not establish who contributed the biological material. A positive result would still require further testing, including short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, where appropriate.

The technique also needs broader validation across different evidence types, sample conditions, and laboratory environments before its routine forensic use can be established.

The research highlights how simplified DNA screening methods could support faster evidence triage while preserving the need for confirmatory testing and careful interpretation.