SWGGSR Guide (2011)
Definition
The Scientific Working Group for Gunshot Residue 'Guide for Primer Gunshot Residue Analysis by SEM/EDS.' Defines sampling, analysis and reporting requirements for primer GSR work in US casework; complementary to ASTM E1588.
- Issuing body
- Scientific Working Group for Gunshot Residue
- Year
- 2011
- Method covered
- Primer GSR analysis by SEM/EDS
- Related standard
- ASTM E1588
Common questions
What does the SWGGSR Guide add beyond what ASTM E1588 already covers?+
ASTM E1588 sets the technical standard for SEM/EDS particle identification criteria, while the SWGGSR Guide provides more detailed practical guidance on sampling procedure, laboratory workflow, and reporting language, functioning as a companion document rather than a competing standard.
Why does GSR analysis need a dedicated sampling guide at all?+
Gunshot residue particles are microscopic, easily lost through contamination or improper handling, and time-sensitive because they degrade or transfer away from skin and clothing quickly, so a documented, consistent sampling protocol is essential for the SEM/EDS results to be defensible in court.
Related terms
- AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry)
- An analytical technique measuring the absorption of element-specific wavelengths by atomised sample. For GSR, it quantifies dissolved Pb, Ba and Sb in...
- GFAAS (Graphite Furnace AAS)
- An AAS configuration using an electrically heated graphite furnace to atomise the sample, achieving approximately 100-fold lower detection limits than flame AAS....
- ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry)
- A bulk elemental quantification technique that dissolves the entire hand swab or SEM stub and measures total element mass per sample. Complements...
- Modified Griess Test
- A contact-transfer colour chemistry test for nitrite-containing propellant combustion residue. Sulphanilic acid undergoes diazotisation with nitrous acid (from NO2 on the target...
- NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis)
- A nuclear analytical technique in which sample irradiation in a research reactor converts stable isotopes to radioactive ones, which are identified by...
- SEM-EDS (ASTM E1588-20)
- Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, operated under ASTM E1588-20. The reference method for individual GSR particle detection; provides simultaneous morphological...
- Sodium Rhodizonate
- A chelating agent producing a scarlet-to-red colour with lead ions at acid pH. Applied to entry-wound margins and garment entry holes to...