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Standard deviation

Definition

The square root of the variance. Expressed in the same units as the original measurement, making it interpretable as a typical distance from the mean. The most commonly reported measure of spread in forensic data.

Related terms

Mean
The arithmetic average of a dataset, calculated as the sum of all values divided by the number of values. Sensitive to extreme...
Median
The middle value of a dataset sorted in ascending or descending order. For an even number of values, it is the average...
Mode
The value that appears most frequently in a dataset. Most informative for discrete or categorical data; for continuous measurement data it is...
Refractive index (RI)
A physical property of glass measuring how much light bends as it passes through. RI is the primary discriminating characteristic used in...
Variance
The average of the squared deviations from the mean. Because it squares the original unit of measurement, variance is not directly interpretable...

Explained in

  • Descriptive Statistics for Forensic DataThe square root of the variance. Expressed in the same units as the original measurement, making it interpretable as a typical distance from the mean. The most...

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