Retraction
Definition
A formal withdrawal of a published article by a journal or its authors, issued when the findings can no longer be trusted or the work was not properly authorised.
Related terms
- Fabrication
- Inventing data or results that were never actually collected, so the reported study never took place.
- Falsification
- Manipulating research materials, equipment or processes, or changing or omitting data, so that the record no longer accurately reflects what happened.
- HARKing
- Hypothesising after the results are known: presenting a hypothesis formed after seeing the data as though it had been predicted in advance.
- P-Hacking
- Trying multiple analytic choices on the same dataset until one combination crosses a statistical significance threshold, then reporting only that combination as...
- Plagiarism
- Presenting another person's words, ideas, data or findings as one's own without adequate credit, including copying one's own previously published work without...
- Pre-Registration
- Filing a study's hypotheses, sample size and planned analysis in a public registry before collecting or examining outcome data.
- Questionable Research Practices
- Practices such as p-hacking, HARKing and salami slicing that distort what a study appears to show without meeting the FFP definition of...
Explained in these topics
- Researcher Fraud and Plagiarism (UGC-NET Unit VI)The formal withdrawal of a published article once its findings can no longer be relied on, recorded against the original publication rather than removed quietl...
- Research Misconduct: Fabrication, Falsification and Plagiarism