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Osteoderm

Definition

Bone embedded within the skin dermis, characteristic of crocodilians and some lizards. Survives tanning and provides a species-group identification marker visible as a hard, calcified structure in a cross-section or under X-ray.

Definition
Bone embedded within the skin dermis
Found in
Crocodilians and some lizards
Forensic use
Species-group identification marker
Detection method
Cross-section or X-ray, survives tanning

Common questions

Why is osteoderm detection useful for leather goods examined for wildlife trafficking?+

Because osteoderms survive the tanning process, an X-ray or cross-section of a finished leather item such as a bag or belt can still reveal the calcified plates, distinguishing genuine crocodilian or lizard skin from a synthetic or embossed imitation.

Can osteoderms identify the exact species, or only a broader group?+

Osteoderm presence and gross pattern typically narrow identification to a species group such as crocodilian versus lizard; distinguishing individual species within that group usually needs additional morphological or molecular analysis.

Related terms

CITES Leather Guide
A reference document maintained by the CITES Secretariat providing scale/pit patterns, macroscopic key characters, and species notes for major commercially traded reptile...
Histological Cross-Section
A 5-10 micrometre thin section cut perpendicular to the skin surface, stained and mounted for light microscopy. Reveals dermis architecture (collagen orientation,...
Integumentary Sense Organ (ISO)
Pressure and chemical sensory pits visible as small circular depressions on reptile scales. In crocodilians their distribution pattern distinguishes crocodiles from alligators...
Lamellar Microstructure
The layer-cake cross-section of pangolin scales visible under light microscopy, reflecting the keratinised plates that build up the scale. Distinguishes pangolin scales...
Pit Pattern
The arrangement of scale pits or ISO pores on reptile skin. Scale pit pattern is one of the primary characters in the...

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