London Atlas
Definition
A visual atlas published by AlQahtani, Hector, and Liversidge in 2010 showing expected tooth development and eruption for all deciduous and permanent teeth from birth to age 23.5, derived from a large documented skeletal collection.
- Authors
- AlQahtani, Hector, Liversidge
- Publication year
- 2010
- Age range covered
- Birth to 23.5 years
- Basis
- A documented skeletal collection
Common questions
Why is the London Atlas widely used for sub-adult age estimation?+
It presents expected developmental stages visually for every deciduous and permanent tooth across the full growth range, letting an examiner match an observed dentition directly to an estimated age bracket.
What age range is the London Atlas not designed to estimate?+
Ages beyond 23.5 years, once all permanent teeth including the third molars have typically finished developing, so other ageing methods are needed for older individuals.
Related terms
- Calcification Stage
- A discrete described increment of tooth mineralisation, from initial deposition of the crown cusps through completion of root and apex. Calcification staging...
- Demirjian Stages (A-H)
- Eight illustrated calcification stages covering a tooth from initial cusp formation (A) to complete root apex closure (H), scored from a standardised...
- Eruption Sequence
- The order in which teeth emerge into the oral cavity. Less precise than calcification staging because eruption timing shows more individual variation,...
- Panoramic Radiograph
- A single wide-field dental X-ray showing all teeth simultaneously in both jaws. The standard imaging tool for sub-adult dental age assessment because...
- Population Bias (Dental Methods)
- The systematic difference between the reference sample on which a method was calibrated and the study population to which it is applied....