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Levamisole

Definition

A veterinary antihelminthic found as an adulterant in approximately 80 per cent of cocaine seizures in North America and Western Europe since 2014. Its metabolite aminorex is a stimulant; agrochemical and manufacturing hypotheses explain its prevalence.

Related terms

Chirasil-DEX CB
A cyclodextrin-based chiral gas chromatography column (Agilent) used for baseline resolution of d- and l-methamphetamine and d- and l-amphetamine enantiomers in forensic...
Compound-Specific IRMS (CSIA)
A technique combining preparative GC separation with isotope ratio mass spectrometry to measure 13C/12C and D/H ratios in individual compounds (e.g. the...
Enantiomeric Excess (Ee)
A measure of chiral purity: ee (%) = (R - S)/(R + S) x 100, where R and S are the measured...
Erythroxylum Coca
The principal alkaloid-bearing species of the coca genus, native to the Andean highlands. The dominant species in illicit cocaine production is E....
Pasta Base (Coca Paste)
The intermediate product in cocaine extraction: cocaine sulphate precipitated from the acid-wash aqueous layer after solvent extraction, at 40-90 per cent purity....
Phenylacetone (P2P, BMK)
1-phenyl-2-propanone; the key precursor in the Leuckart and reductive amination routes to amphetamine and methamphetamine. Controlled under UN 1988 Convention Table I,...
PMK-Glycidate
Piperonylmethylketone (PMK) glycidate ester; a PMK substitute used as the principal MDMA precursor in European clandestine labs after PMK was scheduled. Added...
Safrole
4-allyl-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene; extracted from sassafras oil (Cinnamomum camphora, Cambodia, Vietnam, Brazil) and the original MDMA precursor. Controlled under UN 1988 Convention Table I;...
Scott Test
A three-step cobalt thiocyanate presumptive test for cocaine and its salts. Step 1: cobalt thiocyanate reagent (blue in aqueous phase). Step 2:...

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