Investigative Genealogy

Related terms

Aadhaar

India's national biometric identity programme, administered by UIDAI. Links a 12-digit UID to 10 fingerprints, iris scans, and a facial photograph for...

BIPA

Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (740 ILCS 14, 2008). Requires informed written consent before collecting biometric identifiers and prohibits their sale. The...

Clearview AI

New York company that built a face-recognition database of approximately 30 billion images scraped from public websites without consent; subject to BIPA...

GDPR Article 9

The EU General Data Protection Regulation provision classifying biometric data used for unique identification as a special category requiring explicit consent or...

GEDmatch

A consumer genealogy database founded in 2010, used in the Golden State Killer investigation. Changed from opt-out to opt-in for law-enforcement access...

Liveness Detection

A biometric system component that distinguishes a live biological sample from an artefact-based spoof. Methods include blood-flow detection, ridge flexibility measurement, and...

NAFRS

National Automated Facial Recognition System; India's NCRB-administered national facial recognition platform for law enforcement, progressively deployed from 2020 onward.

NIST FRVT

The National Institute of Standards and Technology Face Recognition Vendor Testing programme, the primary independent benchmark for facial recognition algorithms, publishing ongoing...

Presentation Attack (Biometric)

An attempt to deceive a biometric capture device using an artefact (silicone overlay, printed photograph, 3D mask) rather than a genuine biometric...

Explained in

• Major Biometric Casework: Golden State Killer and Clearview AIA technique that searches consumer ancestry DNA databases using crime-scene SNP profiles to identify candidate relatives of an unknown contributor, then uses g...