Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA 2023)
Definition
India's evidence law replacing the Indian Evidence Act 1872, governing admissibility of expert testimony (Section 39) including forensic phonetic evidence. Does not impose a Daubert-equivalent science-validation gatekeeping requirement, leaving admissibility of phonetic evidence to case-by-case judicial discretion.
Related terms
- Code-Switching
- Shifting between different registers or even different languages within an interaction, often as a signal of role or authority. An interviewer who...
- Criminal Procedure Rules Part 19
- The English and Welsh procedural rules governing expert evidence in criminal proceedings. They impose a duty on the expert to help the...
- Daubert Standard
- The US federal evidentiary standard (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 1993) requiring that expert testimony be based on scientifically valid methods with...
- DyViS Corpus
- The Dynamic Variability in Speech corpus (Nolan et al., 2009), a UK English speaker database collected under conditions designed to simulate forensic...
- Federal Rule of Evidence 702
- The US federal rule governing expert testimony. As amended through 2023, it requires that expert opinion be based on sufficient facts or...
- Formant
- A resonance peak in the vocal tract filter; F1 and F2 together characterise vowel quality (height and frontness), while F3 and higher...
- Frye Test
- An admissibility standard derived from Frye v United States (DC Cir 1923) requiring that a scientific technique must have gained general acceptance...
- Gatekeeping Role
- The function assigned to the trial judge under Daubert and FRE 702 to assess whether proposed expert evidence meets the reliability threshold...
- IAFPA (International Association of Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics)
- The professional organisation for forensic phoneticians, founded in 1991 following the collapse of the voiceprint paradigm. Maintains a code of conduct, annual...
- Lexical Tone
- A tone system in which F0 patterns carry word-meaning distinctions. Mandarin (four tones) and Punjabi (three tones) are the forensically most common...
- Long-Term Average Spectrum (LTAS)
- The averaged spectral energy distribution across a long recording segment, capturing the habitual spectral envelope of a speaker's voice. Useful as a...
- Praat
- Open-source acoustic analysis software developed by Paul Boersma and David Weenink at the University of Amsterdam, used by virtually all forensic phoneticians...
Explained in these topics
- Admissibility Standards Around the WorldThe Indian statute that replaced the Indian Evidence Act 1872. Section 39 governs opinions of experts specially skilled in science, art, foreign law, handwriti...
- Forensic Phonetics: Multi-Language and Cross-Linguistic CaseworkIndia's evidence law replacing the Indian Evidence Act 1872, governing admissibility of expert testimony (Section 39) including forensic phonetic evidence. Doe...