ASTM E2494

Related terms

Aging Index (Aginsky)

The ratio of phenoxyethanol concentration in an unheated (cold) extract to its concentration in a heated extract from the same ink stroke;...

Dye-Decay Dating (LaPorte Method)

An ink dating method that uses HPLC-PDA to monitor the relative concentrations of specific dye components and their degradation products; the ratio...

Machine Direction (MD)

The direction parallel to paper travel through the papermaking machine; cellulose fibres preferentially align in this direction, making machine-made paper stronger and...

Optical Brightening Agent (OBA)

A fluorescent compound added to paper pulp or coatings that absorbs UV-A radiation and re-emits it as visible blue light, making paper...

Plateau Effect

The upper age limit of ink solvent-loss methods (approximately 5-7 years in most storage conditions), beyond which phenoxyethanol has been substantially lost...

Rag Paper

Paper made from cotton or linen rags, yielding long, low-lignin cellulose fibres; the dominant writing-paper substrate before approximately 1870 and still used...

Solvent-Loss Method

An ink dating approach that measures the residual concentration of semi-volatile solvents (particularly phenoxyethanol in ballpoint inks) relative to a non-volatile reference;...

Terminus Post Quem

Latin for 'limit after which'; in document dating, the earliest possible date for a document, established when a material component (paper, ink,...

Watermark

A pattern formed in paper during manufacture by localised fibre-density variation on the Fourdrinier wire; visible in transmitted light as a lighter...

Explained in

• Ink Dating and Paper Examination: Fibres, Watermarks, BrightenersASTM International's Standard Guide for Using Ink Examination Methods in Questioned Document Investigations; sets out the recommended tiered analytical approac...