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This mock covers the chemistry, instrumentation and statutory framework of explosives, fire-debris and arson analysis as it appears in the FACT Forensic Chemistry II syllabus, the NFSU MSc Forensic Science papers, and the UGC-NET Forensic Science Paper II. Thirty medium-difficulty questions across the classification of explosives — low (deflagration < 1000 m/s) versus high (detonation > 1000 m/s with a true shock wave), primary versus secondary versus tertiary, military versus commercial — and the chemistry of the compounds an FSL meets in casework: TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine), PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), HMX, ANFO, nitroglycerine, picric acid and the peroxide-based improvised explosive TATP that has dominated 21st-century IED casework. It then drills into pre-blast and post-blast detection: the modified Greiss test (the pink-red azo dye for nitrites and nitrated species after reduction), diphenylamine in concentrated sulphuric acid for nitrate / nitrite, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for trace airport screening, HPLC-UV, GC-MS in negative-ion chemical ionisation (NICI) for nitramines and nitrate esters at sub-nanogram levels, FTIR / ATR-FTIR and Raman for non-destructive bulk identification, ion chromatography for inorganic anions and cations from ammonium-nitrate and urea-nitrate residues, and SEM-EDX for particle-by-particle elemental confirmation of black-powder and flash-powder residues. The mock also covers fire-debris analysis under the ASTM E1412 (passive-headspace adsorption onto activated charcoal) and ASTM E1618 (GC-MS classification into Gasoline / LPD / MPD / HPD / iso-paraffinic / naphthenic-paraffinic / aromatic / n-alkane / oxygenated / miscellaneous) workflow, the diagnostic-ion (m/z 57, 91, 105, 117, 128, 142, 156) extracted-ion-chromatogram analysis that suppresses pyrolysis interferences from carpet, foam and wood, the fire tetrahedron, and the modern NFPA 921 consensus that visual char patterns alone are not reliable arson indicators. It is pitched at first- and second-year MSc Forensic Science students at NFSU, LNJN-NICFS and other Indian universities, FACT and FACT Plus aspirants, and UGC-NET candidates. Themes covered: - Low vs high explosives — deflagration vs detonation, the 1000 m/s threshold - Primary, secondary and tertiary sensitivity classes; the explosive train - TNT, RDX, PETN, HMX, ANFO, nitroglycerine, picric acid, TATP — chemistry and analysis - Pre-blast detection: Greiss, diphenylamine, IMS, HPLC, GC-MS NICI, FTIR, Raman - Post-blast residue analysis: sampling, control samples, sub-microgram detection limits - SEM-EDX for inorganic residues; ion chromatography for ammonium, nitrate, chlorate - Fire chemistry: combustion, pyrolysis, the fire tetrahedron, the chain-reaction element - ASTM E1618 ignitable-liquid classes (gasoline, LPD, MPD, HPD, etc.) - Diagnostic-ion EIC analysis — m/z 57 alkanes, 91 aromatics, 117 indanes, 128/142/156 naphthalenes - ASTM E1412 passive-headspace adsorption with activated charcoal; container choice (metal cans, Teflon-lined glass, nylon-11 Kapak) - NFPA 921 origin-and-cause; the limits of visual char-pattern interpretation - Indian statute: Explosives Act 1884 (regulatory, PESO licensing), Explosive Substances Act 1908 (criminal — Sections 3 / 4 / 5 / 6), BNS 2023 mischief-by-fire provisions Each question carries a detailed 220+ word explanation citing the standard references — Saferstein's Criminalistics (12th edition), Beveridge's *Forensic Investigation of Explosions* (2nd edition, CRC Press 2012), Yinon's *Forensic and Environmental Detection of Explosives* (Wiley 1999), Stauffer, Dolan and Newman's *Fire Debris Analysis* (Academic Press 2008), ASTM E1412 and ASTM E1618, ASTM E1492 on evidence handling, NFPA 921 (current edition), the Explosives Act 1884 with the Explosives Rules 2008, and the Explosive Substances Act 1908. Allow 15 minutes; the explanations are long enough to use as study notes by themselves. If you can pass this mock comfortably, you have the FACT Forensic Chemistry II explosives-and-arson layer that the case-law and instrumental-techniques papers build on.
This mock covers the chemistry, analysis and statutory framework of drugs of abuse as it appears in the FACT Forensic Chemistry II syllabus, the NFSU MSc Forensic Science papers, and the UGC-NET Forensic Science Paper II. Thirty medium-difficulty questions across the presumptive (colour) tests an analyst runs at the bench — Marquis (opiates and amphetamine-type stimulants), Mecke and Mandelin (the four-colour alkaloid panel), Simon's reagent (primary vs secondary amine, amphetamine vs methamphetamine), Dille-Koppanyi (barbiturates), Duquenois-Levine (cannabis with its known false positives in patchouli, oregano, mace and nutmeg), and the cobalt-thiocyanate / Scott's three-stage test (cocaine and crack) — plus the microcrystalline tests for cocaine and the opium alkaloids that still appear on the FSL bench. It then drills into the confirmatory chromatographic and spectroscopic methods that close every drug identification: TLC with iodoplatinate spray for opium alkaloids, GC-FID for purity quantitation under NDPS-relevant calibration, GC-MS for identification (heroin M+ 369, cocaine M+ 303, Δ9-THC M+ 314, ketamine's chlorine isotope at M+ 237/239), LC-MS-MS for thermally labile and non-volatile analytes (synthetic cannabinoids of the JWH/AB-FUBINACA series, fentanyl analogues, benzimidazole opioids, the wider novel-psychoactive-substance landscape), and FTIR / ATR-FTIR for non-destructive bulk identification under the SWGDRUG Category A framework. The mock also covers the drug-class chemistry that explains why each test works — opiate alkaloid relationships (codeine = 3-methyl morphine; heroin = 3,6-diacetyl morphine; the unique 6-MAM heroin biomarker), cocaine chemistry and the freebase-vs-salt distinction (crack), amphetamine-type stimulants and the methylenedioxy ring substitution that gives MDMA its distinctive Marquis colour, cannabinoids (Δ9-THC, CBN, CBD), LSD analytics (Ehrlich's reagent + HPLC-fluorescence), ketamine, and the urinary metabolite work that converts cocaine into benzoylecgonine. It is pitched at first- and second-year MSc Forensic Science students at NFSU, LNJN-NICFS and other Indian universities, FACT and FACT Plus aspirants, and UGC-NET candidates. Themes covered: - Marquis, Mecke, Mandelin, Simon's, Dille-Koppanyi, Duquenois-Levine, cobalt-thiocyanate / Scott's - Microcrystalline tests for cocaine and opium alkaloids; SWGDRUG Category A/B/C - TLC + iodoplatinate, GC-FID quantitation, GC-MS identification - LC-MS-MS for synthetic cannabinoids, NPS, fentanyl analogues - FTIR / ATR-FTIR for bulk identification - Opiate, cocaine, ATS, cannabis, LSD, MDMA, ketamine chemistry - 6-MAM as the diagnostic heroin biomarker; cocaethylene; benzoylecgonine - NDPS Act 1985 — Sections 8, 21, 22, 27A, 37, 50; small/intermediate/commercial quantity scheme via S.O. 1055(E) of 2001 - *State of Punjab v. Baldev Singh* (AIR 1999 SC 2378) on Section 50 personal-search safeguard - Charas / ganja / bhang under Section 2(iii) NDPS Each question carries a detailed 220+ word explanation citing standard references — Saferstein's Criminalistics (12th edition), Moffat, Osselton and Widdop's *Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons* (4th edition, Pharmaceutical Press, 2011), the UNODC Recommended Methods for Heroin / Cocaine / Cannabis / ATS / Synthetic Cannabinoids, the SWGDRUG Recommendations, and the NDPS Act 1985 with its 2001 quantity-notification — and is mapped to specific NDPS sections and case law where relevant. Allow 15 minutes; the explanations are long enough to use as study notes by themselves. If you can pass this mock comfortably, you have the FACT Forensic Chemistry II drugs-of-abuse layer that the toxicology and case-law papers build on.
This mock covers the foundational vocabulary and concepts a first-year MSc Forensic Science student must know about Forensic Chemistry as it appears in the FACT exam syllabus (Elective IV: Forensic Chemical Sciences — Forensic Chemistry I and II, with crossover into Instrumental Techniques). Thirty questions across alcoholic beverages and methanol toxicity, denaturants and the State Excise Acts, petroleum products and adulteration with kerosene (BIS IS 2796 / IS 1448 and ASTM D86 / D93), arson investigation (NFPA 921, ASTM E1412 / E1618), the trap-case phenolphthalein-on-alkali colour reaction, classification of explosives (primary vs secondary), IEDs and post-blast residue analysis, the NDPS Act 1985 (Sections 8, 22, 27, 50; small/intermediate/commercial quantity scheme), pharmacological classification of drugs (narcotics, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens), instrumental drug analysis (TLC/HPTLC, GC-MS, FTIR — SWGDRUG categories), and pesticide chemistry (organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, phosphides; extraction by QuEChERS). It is pitched at BSc and first-year MSc Forensic Science students at NFSU, LNJN-NICFS and other Indian universities, FACT and FACT Plus aspirants, and UGC-NET candidates who need the Forensic Chemistry foundations locked in before tackling the application-level papers on toxicology, instrumental techniques, and case studies. Forensic Chemistry is one of the most heavily examined sections of FACT, and the questions here target the definitions, statute sections, and bench techniques most reliably asked. Themes covered: - Ethanol vs methanol — chemistry, toxicity, FSL discrimination - Denatured spirit and the State Excise Acts - Petrol and diesel adulteration — BIS IS 2796, ASTM D86, kerosene as adulterant - Flash point (Pensky-Martens, ASTM D93) and distillation curve discrimination - Arson scene origin determination, debris collection, headspace GC-MS (ASTM E1412 / E1618) - Trap-case phenolphthalein chemistry — pink colour, alkali wash, TLC + UV-Vis recovery - Primary vs secondary (high) explosives; IED component anatomy; post-blast sampling - Explosive residue analysis — TLC/HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS, LC-MS, FTIR, XRD - NDPS Act 1985 — Sections 8 (prohibition), 27 (consumption), 50 (search safeguard); small/commercial quantity scheme - Pharmacological classification — narcotics, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens - Drug analysis — TLC/HPTLC + colour reagents (Marquis, Mecke, Mandelin), GC-MS, FTIR (SWGDRUG categories) - Pesticide groups (OC, OP, carbamate, pyrethroid, phosphide), formulations (EC, WP, SC, G, DP), QuEChERS extraction Each question carries a detailed 220+ word explanation citing standard references — Modi's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, Saferstein's Criminalistics (12th edition), Sharma's Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials (5th edition), Vogel's Practical Organic Chemistry, BIS IS 2796 / IS 324 / IS 1448, ASTM D86 / D93 / E1412 / E1618, NFPA 921, the NDPS Act 1985 with its 2001 quantity-notification, the Insecticides Act 1968, and the SWGDRUG and UNODC monographs. Allow 15 minutes; the explanations are long enough to use as study notes by themselves. If you can pass this mock comfortably, you have the FACT Forensic Chemistry vocabulary that the application-level papers build on.