Smouldering Combustion
Definition
A flameless, slow-propagating oxidative combustion front that can sustain itself for 30 minutes to several hours within a porous, combustible material (upholstery, bedding, hay) before transitioning to flaming ignition, generating lethal carbon monoxide concentrations before any visible flame appears.
- Combustion type
- Flameless, slow-propagating oxidative
- Duration before flaming
- About 30 minutes to several hours
- Common fuels
- Upholstery, bedding, hay
- Key hazard
- Lethal carbon monoxide before any visible flame
Common questions
Why is smouldering combustion especially dangerous in fire deaths?+
It can build lethal carbon monoxide concentrations in a room while occupants are asleep, well before any flame becomes visible to alert them, which is why smoke alarms matter even without visible fire.
What typically starts a smouldering fire?+
A low-energy ignition source, such as a cigarette ember embedded in upholstery or bedding, is a common starting point that can smoulder for a long period before transitioning to flame.
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