Prosecution proposition (Hp)
Definition
The proposition advanced by the prosecution, typically asserting that the defendant is the source of the questioned material (e.g., 'the crime-scene DNA came from the defendant'). It occupies the numerator of the LR.
Related terms
- Defence proposition (Hd)
- The alternative proposition, typically asserting that someone else is the source (e.g., 'the crime-scene DNA came from an unknown, unrelated person'). It...
- Kernel density estimate (KDE)
- A non-parametric smooth probability density function fitted to a set of measurements by placing a kernel (usually Gaussian) over each data point...
- Likelihood ratio (LR)
- The ratio of two conditional probabilities: the probability of the observed evidence given the prosecution's hypothesis (same source), divided by the probability...
- Log-LR (log likelihood ratio)
- The natural or base-10 logarithm of the LR. Log-LRs are additive for independent evidence types, making them convenient for combining across disciplines....
- Random match probability (RMP)
- The probability that a randomly chosen unrelated person from the relevant population would match the evidence profile by chance. A very small...
Explained in
- Computing Likelihood Ratios: Worked ExamplesThe proposition advanced by the prosecution, typically asserting that the defendant is the source of the questioned material (e.g., 'the crime-scene DNA came f...