Checkerboard artifact
Definition
A grid-like pattern visible in the Fourier power spectrum of GAN outputs, caused by transposed convolution or bilinear-upsampling operations used to increase image resolution in the generator. The pattern is often invisible to the eye but detectable by spectral analysis.
Related terms
- Autoencoder
- A neural network that compresses an input into a compact latent representation (encoder) then reconstructs it (decoder). Face-swap pipelines train autoencoders with...
- Blending mask
- In face-swap pipelines, a pixel-level mask that defines the face region to be composited onto the target frame. Imperfect masks leave boundary...
- Diffusion model
- A generative neural network architecture (Ho et al., 2020; Stable Diffusion, Rombach et al., 2022) that learns to reverse a noise-addition process...
- Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
- A machine learning architecture consisting of two networks trained simultaneously: a generator that produces synthetic images and a discriminator that classifies images...
- Latent space
- The compressed, lower-dimensional representation of data learned by a neural network's internal layers. Generative models sample from or navigate this space to...
Explained in
- How Deepfakes Are Generated: GANs, Diffusion and Face Swap PipelinesA grid-like pattern visible in the Fourier power spectrum of GAN outputs, caused by transposed convolution or bilinear-upsampling operations used to increase i...