Questioned Document: Documents Definition, Types and Preliminary Examination
Published:
Questions
30
Duration
30 min
Faculty-reviewed
0
Updated
26 May 2026
About this mock
This mock covers the foundational layer of questioned document examination as tested in UGC-NET Forensic Science Paper II Unit IX. Questions span the legal definition of a document under Section 2(1)(d) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023 (formerly Section 3 of the Indian Evidence Act 1872), the classification of documents into public, private, electronic (BSA Section 63, formerly IEA Section 65B), and negotiable instruments such as cheques and promissory notes, and the step-by-step preliminary examination workflow, visual inspection, magnification at 10x to 50x, oblique (raking) light, transmitted light, ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence, and infrared (IR) reflectance. Instrumental coverage includes the Video Spectral Comparator VSC-8000 and VSC-6000 (Foster + Freeman, UK), stereomicroscopy (10x to 40x), and comparison microscopy. Photography protocols include 1:1 perpendicular capture with the ABFO No. 2 scale and oblique lighting for surface texture. Institutional workflow covers submission to the Questioned Document (QD) division of the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chandigarh) or State FSL, and chain of custody under Section 105 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023. Expert opinion admissibility flows through Section 39 BSA 2023 (formerly IEA Section 45), and electronic document certification through Section 63 BSA 2023.
Suited for MSc Forensic Science students, UGC-NET Paper II aspirants preparing Unit IX, and FACT candidates. The Government Examiner of Questioned Documents (GEQD), headquartered at Shimla with branches at Kolkata and Hyderabad, is the apex QD authority in India, and questions here align with its published examination framework.
Topics covered:
- Document definition under BSA 2023 Section 2(1)(d) and IEA 1872 Section 3
- Public, private, electronic, and negotiable instrument document types
- Preliminary examination workflow: visual, magnification, oblique, transmitted, UV, IR
- VSC-8000 and VSC-6000 (Foster + Freeman) functions
- Stereomicroscope and comparison microscope applications
- Photography: 1:1 perpendicular with ABFO scale and oblique illumination
- CFSL/SFSL QD division submission and GEQD institutional roles
- Chain of custody (BNSS 2023 Section 105) and expert opinion (BSA 2023 Section 39)
Allow 30 minutes.
Sources & references
Questions in this mock are written and verified against the following sources. Citations are recorded per question and shown in the explanation after submission.
- cited in 11 questions
Ellen, David; Day, Sally; Davies, Christopher — Scientific Examination of Documents, 4th Edition, CRC Press
Chapter 1: Introduction to Document Examination — transmitted light examination
- cited in 7 questions
Sharma, B.R. — Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials, 5th Edition
Chapter on Questioned Documents — UV fluorescence examination in CFSL practice
- cited in 5 questions
Hilton, Ordway — Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents, 2nd Edition, CRC Press
Chapter 3: Alterations and Erasures — physical vs chemical erasure detection
- cited in 3 questions
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023
Section 63: Admissibility of electronic records
- cited in 2 questions
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023; Indian Evidence Act, 1872
BSA Section 39 (corresponding to IEA Section 45): expert opinion
- cited in 1 question
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023
Section 105: Seizure of property and chain of custody procedures
- cited in 1 question
Indian Evidence Act, 1872
Section 3: Interpretation clause — definition of document
How our mocks are built
Questions are written and edited by the ForensicSpot team and cited from peer-reviewed forensic textbooks, official syllabi and primary case law. Each one is verified before publishing. Detailed explanations show after you submit, so the test stays a real test. See a mistake? Tell us.
Common questions
What does the Questioned Document: Documents Definition, Types and Preliminary Examination mock cover?+
This mock covers the foundational layer of questioned document examination as tested in UGC-NET Forensic Science Paper II Unit IX. Questions span the legal definition of a document under Section 2(1)(d) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023 (formerly Section 3 of the Indian Evidence Act 1872), the classification of documents into public, private, electronic (BSA Section 63, formerly IEA Section 65B), and negotiable instruments such as cheques and promissory notes, and the step-by-step pr
How many questions and how long is the test?+
30 multiple-choice questions, 30 minutes total. Difficulty: easy. Tier: Premium.
Who is this mock for?+
Forensic science students and aspirants who want timed, exam-style practice with explanations and verified source citations on Questioned Document, NET. Useful for postgraduate entrance preparation and for BSc / MSc forensic students testing their recall under time.
Are the questions reviewed?+
Each question carries a verified source citation. Faculty review for individual questions is in progress.
Do I need an account to take this mock?+
Yes, a free ForensicSpot account is required to start a timed attempt — this lets you save progress, see per-question explanations after submission, and track your topic-level performance over time.