Species of Origin Determination (Precipitin, Ouchterlony, ELISA, mtDNA): Application (UGC-NET Unit III)
Published:
Questions
30
Duration
30 min
Faculty-reviewed
0
Updated
17 May 2026
About this mock
UGC-NET Forensic Science Unit III drill on species of origin determination at the application band. Scenarios cover the precipitin ring test (Uhlenhuth 1901), Ouchterlony double diffusion (lines of identity and non-identity, IgG fraction antiserum), immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA with anti-human IgG kits and the Hexagon OBTI cassette, HPLC of haemoglobin, GC-MS of species peptide markers, and mitochondrial DNA species identification using Cyt-b universal primers, 12S/16S ribosomal RNA on highly degraded tissue, BLAST against GenBank, and wildlife forensics on tiger, leopard, elephant, pangolin, and sea cucumber exhibits with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Dehradun and Wildlife Crime Control Bureau workflow. Companion to the immunoassay and DNA mocks on the same syllabus area.
Sources & references
Questions in this mock are written and verified against the following sources. Citations are recorded per question and shown in the explanation after submission.
- cited in 3 questions
Saferstein R, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, 12th edition
Chapter on Forensic Serology, the Uhlenhuth precipitin test and the Tessnow case (Rugen, 1901)
- cited in 2 questions
Linacre A and Tobe S S, Wildlife DNA Analysis: Applications in Forensic Science, Wiley-Blackwell
Chapter on species identification by mitochondrial DNA sequencing in forensic casework
- cited in 2 questions
Linacre A et al., ISFG: Recommendations regarding the use of non-human (animal) DNA in forensic genetic investigations, Forensic Science International: Genetics, 2011
ISFG DNA Commission cascade for species identification in wildlife forensic casework
- cited in 2 questions
Gaensslen R E, Sourcebook in Forensic Serology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, US Department of Justice / NIJ
Chapter on antiserum production and the use of IgG fractions in forensic precipitin work
- cited in 2 questions
Crowther J R, The ELISA Guidebook, 2nd edition, Humana Press / Methods in Molecular Biology
Chapter on sandwich ELISA design, capture and detection antibody pairing for IgG quantitation
- cited in 2 questions
Crowle A J, Immunodiffusion, 2nd edition, Academic Press
Chapter on Ouchterlony plates: identity, non-identity and partial-identity patterns
- cited in 1 question
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
WCCB statutory framework under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; coordination with WII Dehradun
Open source - cited in 1 question
Uthicke S, Byrne M and Conand C, Genetic barcoding of commercial Beche-de-mer species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), Molecular Ecology Resources, 2010
16S rRNA mini-barcoding for commercial holothurian species identification on processed product
- cited in 1 question
Grabar P and Williams C A, Method permitting the combined study of the electrophoretic and immunochemical properties of protein mixtures, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1953
Original description of immunoelectrophoresis combining zone electrophoresis with immunodiffusion
- cited in 1 question
Ouchterlony O, Antigen-antibody reactions in gels, Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica, 1949
Original double-diffusion description; reactions of identity, non-identity and partial identity
- cited in 1 question
Eckert W G (editor), Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd edition, CRC Press
Chapter on Forensic Serology, sensitivity of the precipitin ring and double-diffusion methods
- cited in 1 question
Buckley M et al., Species identification by analysis of bone collagen using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2009
Original description of ZooMS for collagen-based species identification on degraded bone and horn
- cited in 1 question
Espinoza E O et al., Identification of hemoglobin variants and detection of species by RP-HPLC, Journal of Chromatography B
Reversed-phase HPLC of globin chains for human haemoglobin variant and species identification
- cited in 1 question
Kocher T D et al., Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1989
Original design of universal Cyt-b primers (L14724, H15915) for vertebrate species identification
- cited in 1 question
Harlow E and Lane D, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Chapter on storage and preservation of polyclonal antisera, including sodium azide and refrigeration
- cited in 1 question
Johnston E, Ames C E, Dagnall K E, Foster J, Daniel B E, Comparison of presumptive blood test kits including Hexagon OBTI, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2008
Evaluation of Hexagon OBTI lateral-flow immunoassay for human haemoglobin in forensic casework
- cited in 1 question
Taylor P G, Reproducibility of ancient DNA sequences from extinct Pleistocene fauna, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1996
Use of short 16S rRNA mini-barcodes for vertebrate species identification on degraded DNA
- cited in 1 question
Wasser S K et al., Genetic assignment of large seizures of elephant ivory reveals Africa's major poaching hotspots, Science, 2015
Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA workflow for elephant ivory species and population attribution
- cited in 1 question
Bureau of Police Research and Development, Handbook on Forensic Sample Collection and Preservation
BPR&D guidelines for collection, drying and refrigerated storage of bloodstained exhibits
- cited in 1 question
Mancini G, Carbonara A O and Heremans J F, Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion, Immunochemistry, 1965
Original Mancini description of single radial immunodiffusion with d-squared proportional to concentration
- cited in 1 question
Sharma R et al., Wildlife forensic DNA analysis at the Wildlife Institute of India, Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series
WII Wildlife Forensic and Conservation Genetics Cell, Dehradun, species-identification workflow
- cited in 1 question
Hsieh H M et al., Cytochrome b gene for species identification of the conservation animals, Forensic Science International, 2001
Forensic application of mtDNA cytochrome b for species identification, including pangolin scales
- cited in 1 question
Uhlenhuth P, Eine Methode zur Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Blutarten, Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1901
Original 1901 description of the species precipitin ring test using anti-human serum
How our mocks are built
Questions are written and edited by the ForensicSpot team and cited from peer-reviewed forensic textbooks, official syllabi and primary case law. Each one is verified before publishing. Detailed explanations show after you submit, so the test stays a real test. See a mistake? Tell us.
Common questions
What does the Species of Origin Determination (Precipitin, Ouchterlony, ELISA, mtDNA): Application (UGC-NET Unit III) mock cover?+
UGC-NET Forensic Science Unit III drill on species of origin determination at the application band. Scenarios cover the precipitin ring test (Uhlenhuth 1901), Ouchterlony double diffusion (lines of identity and non-identity, IgG fraction antiserum), immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA with anti-human IgG kits and the Hexagon OBTI cassette, HPLC of haemoglobin, GC-MS of species peptide markers, and mitochondrial DNA species identification using Cyt-b universal primers, 12S/16S ribosomal RNA on highly de
How many questions and how long is the test?+
30 multiple-choice questions, 30 minutes total. Difficulty: medium. Tier: Premium.
Who is this mock for?+
Forensic science students and aspirants who want timed, exam-style practice with explanations and verified source citations on NET. Useful for postgraduate entrance preparation and for BSc / MSc forensic students testing their recall under time.
Are the questions reviewed?+
Each question carries a verified source citation. Faculty review for individual questions is in progress.
Do I need an account to take this mock?+
Yes, a free ForensicSpot account is required to start a timed attempt — this lets you save progress, see per-question explanations after submission, and track your topic-level performance over time.