Disputed Paternity and Kinship: Statistical and Case Analysis (UGC-NET Unit III)

UGC-NET Forensic Science Unit III advanced drill on disputed paternity and kinship analysis. Hard-band scenario questions on Combined Paternity Index (CPI) across 15+ autosomal STR loci with Indian population allele frequencies, Probability of Paternity calculations under non-uniform priors, mutation rate handling (one-step paternal vs maternal mutations, stepwise mutation model), close-relative paternity (alleged father is brother of true father, half-sibling vs full-sibling distinction), reverse paternity from grandparents, Avuncular Index, mitochondrial maternal-lineage disputes, ISFG Paternity Testing Commission recommendations, Section 112 of the Indian Evidence Act 1872 (Section 116 BSA 2023) on legitimacy presumption during wedlock, and the Goutam Kundu (1993), Nandlal Wasudeo Badwaik (2014), and Dipanwita Roy (2015) line of Supreme Court authority on court-ordered DNA testing. Calibrated for candidates targeting Paper II top-decile scores.