Forensic Serology: Applied Techniques and Casework

This mock tests applied forensic serology and bloodstain pattern analysis at the practical level — the reagents, techniques, and interpretation scenarios that appear in casework and on FACT and NFSU examination papers. It assumes the foundational serology module is complete and pushes directly into application: how to collect a wet stain, how to run a differential extraction on a mixed stain, how to interpret an azoospermia scenario, how to calculate angle of impact, and how to navigate the secretor-status typing workflow.

It is pitched at second-year BSc and MSc forensic science students at NFSU and LNJN-NICFS who have completed the foundational serology and DNA modules, and at FACT and UGC-NET candidates who need technique-level knowledge consolidated before examination.

Topics covered:

• Differential extraction for mixed male and female biological stains
• Bloodstain pattern interpretation: cast-off, arterial spurt, wipe vs swipe, void patterns, contact transfer
• Area of origin stringing technique and angle of impact formula (sin θ = W/L)
• ALS wavelengths for body fluid fluorescence and blood visualisation
• RSID strip tests for species-specific fluid identification
• Y-STR profiling for male contributor identification in mixed stains
• Secondary transfer and touch DNA thresholds in practical casework
• Menstrual blood identification using MMP-10 mRNA markers
• Hair root vs hair shaft: nuclear DNA vs mitochondrial DNA recovery
• Urine identification (urea, creatinine, urease test)
• Christmas Tree staining for spermatozoa confirmation
• Bite mark double-swab technique and salivary amylase recovery
• Azoospermia scenario: PSA/p30 positive, sperm-negative interpretation
• MoHFW rape kit examination timing guidelines
• ABO and Rh blood group distribution in the Indian population
• Mini-STR kits for degraded and old biological samples
• Wet stain collection protocols and dry stain scraping method
• Absorption-inhibition and absorption-elution ABO typing from stains
• ABO typing from secretor-status seminal stains
• CFSL STR loci panels and CODIS compatibility

Each question carries a detailed explanation covering the mechanism of the correct answer, why each wrong option fails, and where the topic appears in FACT, NFSU, or UGC-NET syllabi. Allow 30 minutes.