Crime and Society: Foundations of Criminology

This test covers the foundational concepts of criminology and the relationship between crime and society. Topics include the definitions of crime and deviance, the distinction between formal and informal social control, and the key principles of classical and positivist schools of criminological thought. Questions also address standard typologies used to classify criminal behaviour, the structure and functions of the criminal justice system, and the major methods used to measure crime. These methods include official statistics gathered by police and courts, victimisation surveys that capture offences not reported to authorities, and the concept of the dark figure of crime. The test is designed for learners beginning their study of forensic science and criminology, requiring foundational recall of terms, definitions, and concepts that underpin more advanced study in criminal investigation, forensic analysis, and justice policy.