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Multi-Frame Averaging

Definition

A noise reduction technique that registers multiple frames of the same scene and averages pixel values. Random noise, which differs between frames, is averaged away while the true signal, which is consistent, is preserved.

Technique type
Noise reduction
Input
Multiple registered frames of same scene
What is removed
Random noise varying frame to frame
What is preserved
Consistent true signal
Typical use
Video/image forensic enhancement

Common questions

Why must the frames be registered before averaging?+

If the frames are not aligned pixel-for-pixel first, any camera shake or scene motion between frames will blur the averaged result instead of sharpening it, so registration is a required preprocessing step, not optional.

What limits how much this technique can improve a low-light CCTV clip?+

It only suppresses noise that is genuinely random between frames; compression artefacts, motion blur within a single frame, and fixed-pattern sensor noise are not removed and can even become more visible once random noise is averaged away.

Related terms

Colour Calibration
The process of correcting a camera's colour rendering to match a known standard, using a colour reference chart captured under the same...
De-Interlacing
The process of reconstructing a full progressive frame from the two interlaced fields captured by analogue video systems. Different algorithms (line doubling,...
Object Tracking
Frame-by-frame identification of a target (person, vehicle, or object) across a video sequence, recording its position and trajectory. Used to reconstruct movement...
Super-Resolution
Methods that attempt to produce an image with higher pixel density than the source. Interpolation-based SR fills in values by estimation; learning-based...
Temporal Synchronisation
The process of aligning the timelines of two or more camera recordings so that events captured from different viewpoints can be placed...

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