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This second easy-level Forensic Ballistics mock covers a completely different set of foundational topics — zero repetition from Easy Mock 1 — focusing on firearm classification, ammunition types, range determination, wound morphology, and scene examination procedures. All thirty questions are pitched at the definitional level. Questions cover: single-action vs double-action revolvers (DA = one pull cocks and fires), revolver vs semi-automatic pistol structural differences (cylinder vs magazine; spent cases in cylinder), rimfire vs centerfire primer location (spun into hollow rim vs center cup), black powder vs smokeless powder (less smoke + more energy from smokeless), barrel length effect on muzzle velocity (longer barrel = higher velocity), class characteristics of fired bullets (number/width of lands and grooves + twist direction + degree), close-range wound features (soot that can be wiped; no muzzle imprint), distant wound features (abrasion ring only; no soot or stippling; indeterminate range), exit wound vs entrance wound morphology (larger + everted + no abrasion ring), headstamp markings (manufacturer + calibre + year/lot), comparison microscope role (simultaneous side-by-side viewing; the gold standard), country-made firearms (katta) forensic challenges (non-standard + possibly no rifling + unsafe), magazine vs clip distinction (magazine has spring-follower; clip is simple holder), muzzle energy formula KE = ½mv² (velocity squared = dominant factor), individual characteristics allowing specific-firearm identification, Boxer vs Berdan primer types (single vs multiple flash holes + easy vs hard to reload), bullet yaw in tissue (tumbling = larger effective cross-section = more damage), button rifling method (cold-forming by carbide button), headstamp forensic casework use (manufacturer + calibre + tracing ammunition source), water tank for test fire recovery (recovers undamaged bullet for comparison), shotgun slug vs shot load (single solid vs pellets), ricochet bullet features (flattening + surface material + altered trajectory), Hague Convention and FMJ ammunition (expanding bullets prohibited in war), barrel leading from unjacketed bullets (lead deposits in grooves; jacketing prevents this), intermediate target effects on wounds (fragments in wound + range estimation unreliable), cold hammer forging barrel method (hammers outside + rifled mandrel inside), squib load significance (insufficient charge + bullet lodged in barrel + catastrophic if next shot fired), barrel corrosion effects (obliterates individual striation characteristics), revolver cylinder rotation mechanism (linked to trigger pull in DA or hammer cock in SA), and country-made firearm SFSL examination protocol (document first + make safe + rifling assessment + controlled test fire if safe), and single-shot vs repeating firearm classification. Themes covered: - Firearm classification: revolver vs pistol, SA vs DA, single-shot vs repeating, country-made vs standard - Ammunition: rimfire vs centerfire, black powder vs smokeless, slug vs shot, magazine vs clip, Boxer vs Berdan - Wound science: close/distant range wound features, exit vs entrance morphology, intermediate target effects, yaw, ricochet - Forensic examination: comparison microscope, water tank, headstamp use, barrel leading, squib load, barrel corrosion, SFSL katta protocol - Ballistics concepts: class vs individual characteristics, muzzle energy formula, barrel length effect, cold hammer forging, Hague Convention Each question cites Saferstein's Criminalistics 13th edition. Allow 15 minutes.
This easy-level mock covers the foundational vocabulary, core concepts, and essential principles of forensic ballistics that every NFSU MSc and FACT candidate must master before approaching application-level material. All thirty questions are pitched at the definitional level. Questions cover: rifling definition (helical grooves + spin stabilisation + marks on bullet), calibre as barrel internal diameter (measured between lands; inches or mm), the four cartridge components (case + primer + propellant + projectile), the firing sequence of a semi-automatic pistol (trigger → firing pin → primer → propellant → projectile → recoil → extract → eject), GSR composition (Pb + Ba + Sb spherical particles from primer; SEM-EDX analysis), hard-contact entrance wound features (searing + muzzle imprint + stellate tearing over bone), the three domains of ballistics (internal, external, terminal/wound), shotgun gauge definition (number of bore-diameter lead balls per pound), shotgun choke (muzzle constriction controlling shot spread), striations as individualising bullet marks (comparison microscopy), entrance wound in soft tissue (abrasion ring + inverted margins + smaller than exit), lands and grooves definition (raised ridges and recessed channels in rifled barrel), wound/terminal ballistics definition (energy transfer + cavities + tissue damage), firing pin impression as individualising case mark, stippling/tattooing (powder grains embed at intermediate range; cannot be wiped), IBIS as digital candidate-list search tool (analogous to AFIS), FMJ vs hollow-point bullet (jacketed penetration vs expanding cavity), internal ballistics (inside barrel from primer to muzzle exit), semi-automatic vs fully automatic (one pull one round vs continuous), test fires for comparison (individualising marks → identification/exclusion), temporary cavity (kinetic energy pressure wave; more with high-velocity rounds), powder fouling (carbon residues indicating recent discharge), shotgun shot pattern for range estimation (wider spread = greater distance), breech face mark (pressure impression links case to specific firearm), bullet jacket functions (prevents leading + allows high velocity + FMJ military), recent discharge indicators (fouling + smell + nitrite test), Indian Arms Act licencing requirements (District Magistrate licence; unlicensed possession offence), extractor vs ejector functions (extractor withdraws + ejector flips out), shotgun wad functions (gas seal + shot protection + pattern control), and back spatter at contact wounds (gases expel blood back through entrance toward shooter). Themes covered: - Firearm types and components: rifling, calibre, gauge, choke, semi-auto vs fully automatic, extractor, ejector - Ammunition: cartridge components (four), FMJ vs hollow point, bullet jacket, wad in shotgun shell - Forensic marks: striations, breech face mark, firing pin impression, lands and grooves, GSR - Wound science: entrance vs exit wound, contact wound features, stippling, temporary cavity, back spatter, wound ballistics - Ballistics divisions: internal, external, terminal (wound) - Operations: test fires, IBIS, recent discharge indicators, Indian Arms Act Each question cites Saferstein's Criminalistics 13th edition. Allow 15 minutes.