Forensic Science: Foundations, History and Evidence Basics

This mock covers the foundational principles of forensic science aligned with Unit I of the UGC-NET Forensic Science syllabus (Subject Code 82). Questions draw on key statutes including the Indian Evidence Act 1872 (Section 45, expert opinion), the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 (Section 293, government scientific expert reports; Section 174, unnatural death inquest), and fundamental rights under Articles 14, 20(3), and 32 of the Constitution of India. Historical figures including Edmond Locard (Exchange Principle), Hans Gross (first criminalistics textbook, 1893), Francis Galton (fingerprint individuality, 1892), Alphonse Bertillon (anthropometry), Edward Henry (Henry Classification System), and Mathieu Orfila (forensic toxicology, 1813) appear across multiple questions. Crime scene search methods (grid, strip, spiral, zone), the class versus individual characteristics distinction, chain of custody procedures, trace evidence concepts, organised versus disorganised scene typology, and the role of the first responder are covered in depth.

This mock is designed for MSc Forensic Science students, UGC-NET/JRF aspirants targeting Paper II, NFSU entrance examination candidates, and professionals pursuing FACT (Forensic Aptitude and Calibre Test) certifications who need a systematic first pass through Unit I before advancing to medium difficulty.

Topics covered:

• History and key figures: Locard, Gross, Galton, Henry, Bertillon, Orfila and their specific contributions
• Physical evidence: class versus individual characteristics, trace evidence, packaging and preservation
• Crime scene: types (primary, secondary, organised, disorganised), search methods, first responder duties
• Chain of custody: documentation, integrity, and court admissibility requirements
• Indian law: IEA Section 45, CrPC Sections 174 and 293, Articles 14, 20(3) and 32 of the Constitution
• Forensic institutions: CFSL, DFSS, NCRB, NICFS and their distinct roles
• Investigative techniques: polygraph, narco analysis, P300 brain mapping and their legal status
• Scope of investigation: unnatural deaths, sexual offences, vehicular accidents

Each explanation follows a three-paragraph structure with technical depth, distractor analysis, and a memory aid. Every question cites a standard reference text or primary statute. Allow 30 minutes.